Mavi Boncuk |
[Selanikli Mustafa Ef., Tarih-i Selanikî, 1600]
Erdel kralı Yanoş oğlı ve kraliça oğlı, ki sabī kalmışıdı
i. (Sırp. kralitsa)
1. Kralın hanımı.
2. Bir krallığı yöneten kadın: “İngiliz kraliçesi.”
3. (İsim tamlamasının ikinci öğesi olarak) Belli bir konuda en üstün olan, en üstün seçilen kadın: “Güzellik kraliçesi.”
Kraliçe gibi: Gösterişli, güzel giyinmiş, insanda hayranlık uyandıran (kadın).
Kral: king EN[2] from Serbian kral “hükümdar” sözcüğünden alıntıdır. Bu sözcük Carolus “Frank kralı Karl, Şarlman (hd. 768-814)” özel isminden türetilmiştir. Bu özel isim Germence yazılı örneği bulunmayan *karlaz “adam, erkek” biçiminden türetilmiştir.
kralcı, kraliyet, krallık
çarliston, kraliçe, şarlot
“Balkan (Hıristiyan) hükümdarı” [Gazavat-ı Sultan Murad, 1451 yılından önce]
cümle krallara ve Krisgān tāifesine pend ü nasīhatler idesiŋ
[Aşıkpaşazade, Tarih, 1502]
ve Engürüs'üŋ [Macar] kralı güc-ile kurtuldı, yalŋız kaçdı gitdi
i. (Sırp. kral) [Frank hükümdarı Carolus’un (Karl) adından]
1. Bütün yetkileri elinde bulunduran devlet başkanı: Yine baş kaldırdı Moskof kıralı / Kaçma kâfir sana meydanımız var (Âşık Ravzî – Ö.T.S.). “Devlet benim!” diyen Fransız kralına mı benzetiyorsunuz beni? (Necip F. Kısakürek – Ö.T.S.).
2. (İsim tamlamasının ikinci öğesi olarak) Konusunda en üstün, alanında en başarılı olan kimse: “Satranç kralı.” “Gol kralı.” “Petrol kralı.” “Tütün kralı.”
3. argo. sıf. Üstün nitelikli: “Kral araba.” “Kral çocuk.” En kral yatakları seçersin, pencereden atarsın üç tânesini kuş gibi aşağı (Öztürk Serengil).
Kraldan çok kralcı: Bir kimseye âit çıkar veya düşüncelere o kimseden fazla sâhip çıkanlar için kullanılır. Krallara lâyık: Çok üstün nitelikli.
Reji: fromFR[3] régie “yönetim, idare” sözcüğünden alıntıdır. Bu sözcük Fransızca régir, régiss- “yönetmek” fiilinden türetilmiştir. Bu fiil Latince regere, rect- “doğrultmak, yöneltmek, yönetmek, rehber olmak” fiilinden evrilmiştir. Bu fiil Hintavrupa Anadili yazılı örneği bulunmayan *h₃reǵ- (*oreǵ-) “yöneltmek” biçiminden evrilmiştir.
Osmanlı Devleti'nde tütün tekeli için reji idaresi 1872'de, genel kamu borçlarının yönetimi için Düyun-u Umumiye İdaresi (Régie de dette publique ottomane) 1881'de kurulmuştur.
direkt (adres, direksiyon, dresuvar, direktör), ereksiyon, korekt (eskort), rejans, rejim, rejisör, rektifiye, rektör, rektum, riyal, rua (ruvayal)
“Osmanlı borçları idaresi” [Ahmed Mithat, Henüz 17 Yaşında (roman), 1882]
Reji çıkalıdan beri sigara almak için bir yere müracaat edenler
“... tiyatro yönetmenliği” [Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar, Cehennemlik, 1923]
yeni teatrolar gibi bomboş kalır. Ahali sefaletten kurtulur vesselam. Bu işin üzerine de kıyak bir ‘reji’ yaparlar
Racon: Kaide, nizam, adet, usul, fiyaka.
from IT ragione akıl, mantık, aklı selim, usul, düzen. Latin ratio oran, gerekçe, akıl, mantık from Latin reri, rat- saymak, muhakeme etmek, akıl yürütmek +ion IE *ərē- from IE rē(i)- saymak, akıl yürütmek.
"kabadayı nizamı [argo]" [ Ahmed Rasim, Şehir Mektupları, 1897]
Galata'da racon keser, dinlemeyin.[ Osman Cemal Kaygılı, Argo Lugatı, 1932]
Galata'da racon keser, dinlemeyin.[ Osman Cemal Kaygılı, Argo Lugatı, 1932]
regulation, reason EN[4] correct way of doing; method; show off; splash; way.
"Arkadaş sen hiç ölümün gölgesinde özgürlüğü yaşadınmı kahpesine kurşun yağdırdınmı hiç bir garibanın elinden tutupta kadere rest çektinmi dinle cicikız dinle sen sosyetenin cilalı taşlarında dans ederken ben ise parçalanmış vücudum dağılmış çenemle zulamda cıgaram suskun silahımla gelmeyen özgürlüğümü bekliyordum...Delikanlılık ne racon kesmek ne adam öldürmek nede haraç kesmektir. delikanlılık akşam olunca evine ekmek götürmektir. "[*]
Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: Eğer racon kesilecekse bu raconu bizzat kendim keserim.
from IT ragione. road method.
ragione (causa, fondamento di [qc]) | reason, motive n
ragione intelletto, raziocinio) | reason n; intellect n
ragionen (diritto, buon diritto) | right n
ragionencommerciale (denominazione di una ditta) | name, company name, corporate name, trade name n
ragionen (proporzione, misura) | ratio, proportion
ragione (causa, fondamento di [qc]) | reason, motive n
ragione intelletto, raziocinio) | reason n; intellect n
ragionen (diritto, buon diritto) | right n
ragionencommerciale (denominazione di una ditta) | name, company name, corporate name, trade name n
ragionen (proporzione, misura) | ratio, proportion
[1] queen (n.) Middle English quene, "pre-eminent female noble; consort of a king," also "female sovereign, woman ruling in her own right," from Old English cwen "queen, female ruler of a state; woman; wife," from Proto-Germanic *kwoeniz (source also of Old Saxon quan "wife," Old Norse kvaen, Gothic quens), ablaut variant of *kwenon (source of quean), from PIE root *gwen- "woman."
The most ancient Germanic sense of the word seems to have been "wife," which had specialized by Old English times to "wife of a king." In Old Norse the cognate word was still mostly "a wife" generally, as in kvan-fang "marriage, taking of a wife," kvanlauss "unmarried, widowed," kvan-riki "the domineering of a wife."
In reference to anything personified as chief or greatest, and considered as possessing female attributes, from late Old English. Figuratively, of a woman who is chief or pre-eminent among others or in some sphere by 1590s. Queen-mother "widow of a king who is also the mother of a reigning sovereign" is by 1570s (colloquial queen mum is by 1960).
English is one of the few Indo-European languages to have a word for "queen" that is not a feminine derivative of a word for "king." The others are Scandinavian: Old Norse drottning, Danish dronning, Swedish drottning "queen," in Old Norse also "mistress," but these also are held to be ultimately from male words, such as Old Norse drottinn "master."
The chess piece (with the freest movement and thus the most power in attack) was so called from c. 1400. As a verb in chess, in reference to a pawn that has reached the opponent's side of the board and become a queen (usually), from 1789. The playing card was so called from 1570s.
Of bees from c. 1600 (until late 17c., they generally were thought to be kings; as in "Henry V," I.ii, but the Anglo-Saxons knew better: their word was beomodor); queen bee "fully developed female bee," the mother of the hive, is used in a figurative sense by 1807.
Meaning "male homosexual" (especially a feminine and ostentatious one) is certainly recorded by 1924; probably as an alteration or misunderstanding of quean, which is earlier in this sense but had become obscure. Cincinnati, Ohio, has been the Queen City (of the West) since 1835. In commercial reference to an extra-large bed size (but generally smaller than king), by 1954.
[2] king (n.) a late Old English contraction of cyning "king, ruler" (also used as a title), from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz (source also of Dutch koning, Old Norse konungr, Danish konge, Old Saxon and Old High German kuning, Middle High German künic, German der König | die Königin Pl.: die Könige, die Königinnen
This is of uncertain origin. It is possibly related to Old English cynn "family, race" (see kin), making a king originally a "leader of the people." Or perhaps it is from a related prehistoric Germanic word meaning "noble birth," making a king etymologically "one who descended from noble birth" (or "the descendant of a divine race"). The sociological and ideological implications render this a topic of much debate. "The exact notional relation of king with kin is undetermined, but the etymological relation is hardly to be doubted" [Century Dictionary].
General Germanic, but not attested in Gothic, where þiudans (cognate with Old English þeoden "chief of a tribe, ruler, prince, king") was used. Finnish kuningas "king," Old Church Slavonic kunegu "prince" (Russian knyaz, Bohemian knez), Lithuanian kunigas "clergyman" are forms of this word taken from Germanic. Meaning "one who has superiority in a certain field or class" is from late 14c.
As leon is the king of bestes. [John Gower, "Confessio Amantis," 1390]
In Old English, used for chiefs of Anglian and Saxon tribes or clans, of the heads of states they founded, and of the British and Danish chiefs they fought. The word acquired a more imposing quality with the rise of European nation-states, but then it was applied to tribal chiefs in Africa, Asia, North America. The chess piece is so called from c. 1400; the playing card from 1560s; the use in checkers/draughts is first recorded 1820. Three Kings for the Biblical Wise Men is from c. 1200.
[I]t was [Eugene] Field who haunted the declining years of Creston Clarke with his review of that actor's Lear. ... Said he, "Mr. Clarke played the King all the evening as though under constant fear that someone else was about to play the Ace." ["Theatre Magazine," January 1922]
Regent (n.) c. 1400, "a ruler," from the adjective regent "ruling, governing" (late 14c., now archaic), from Medieval Latin regentem (nominative regens), from Latin regens "ruler, governor," noun use of present participle of regere "to rule, direct" (from PIE root *reg- "move in a straight line," with derivatives meaning "to direct in a straight line," thus "to lead, rule"). Meaning "one who rules during the minority or absence of a sovereign" is from early 15c., as an alternative to king not implying legitimacy or permanence of rule. The Latin word for this was interrex (plural interreges). Sense of "university faculty member" is attested from late 14c. and preserves the original meaning.
I shall calle unto me my counceyle of my moste trusty knyghtes and deukes and regeaunte kynges and erlys and barowns. [Malory, late 15c.]
I shall calle unto me my counceyle of my moste trusty knyghtes and deukes and regeaunte kynges and erlys and barowns. [Malory, late 15c.]
rex (n.) "a king," 1610s, from Latin rex (genitive regis) "a king," related to regere "to keep straight, guide, lead, rule" (from PIE root *reg- "move in a straight line," with derivatives meaning "to direct in a straight line," thus "to lead, rule;" source also of Sanskrit raj- "king;" Old Irish ri "king," genitive rig).
When British trading posts were established in the Indian subcontinent in the 17th century, English speakers were immersed in the rich languages of the region, and Europeans quickly began adopting local words into their own vocabularies. By the end of the 1700s, Hindi contributions to our language ran from ayah (a term for a nurse or maid) to zamindar (a collector of land taxes or revenues). When English speakers borrowed raj around 1800, they used exactly the same spelling and meaning as its Hindi parent (the Hindi word in turn traces to an older term that is related to the Sanskrit word for "king").
Knyaz or knez (кнѧзь) is a historical Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times of history and different ancient Slavic lands. It is usually translated into English as prince but the word is related to the English king and the German König, but the rank depending on specific historical context and the potentially known Latin equivalents of the title for each bearer of the name. In Latin sources the title is usually translated as princeps, but the word was originally derived from the common Germanic *kuningaz (king).
The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is knyaginya (княгиня), kneginja in Slovene and Serbo-Croatian (Serbian Cyrillic: кнегиња), kniahinia (княгіня) in Belarusian and kniazioŭnia (князёўна) is the daughter of the prince, kniahynia (княгиня) in Ukrainian. In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is knyazhna (княжна). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is knyazhich (княжич in its old form).[2]
The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Serbo-Croatian and some West Slavic languages, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean "priest" (kněz, ksiądz, kňaz) as well as "duke" (knez, kníže, książę, knieža).[3] In Sorbian it means simply "Mister" (from "Master". Compare French monsieur from mon sieur "my lord"), and the Catholic title "monsignor" for a priest. Today the term knez is still used as the most common translation of "prince" in Slovenian, Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian literature. Knez is also found as a surname in former Yugoslavia. The word is ultimately a cognate of the English king, the German König, and the Swedish konung. The proto-Slavic form was кънѧѕь, kŭnędzĭ;[5] Church Slavonic: кънѧѕь,[6] kŭnędzĭ; Bulgarian: княз, knyaz; Old East Slavic: князь, knyazĭ; Polish: książę; Serbo-Croatian Latin: knez / Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: кнез; Czech: kníže; Slovak: knieža; etc. It is generally considered to be an early borrowing from Proto-Germanic kuningaz, a form also borrowed by Finnish and Estonian (kuningas).
The meaning of the term changed over the course of history. Initially the term was used to denote the chieftain of a Slavic tribe. Later, with the development of feudal statehood, it became the title of a ruler of a state, and among East Slavs (Russian: княжество (knyazhestvo), Ukrainian: князівство, romanized: kniazivstvo) traditionally translated as duchy or principality), for example, of Kievan Rus'. In medieval Latin sources the title was rendered as either rex or dux. In Bulgaria, Boris I of Bulgaria changed his title to knyaz after his conversion to Christianity, but his son Simeon took the higher title of tsar soon in 913. In Kievan Rus', as the degree of centralization grew, the ruler acquired the title Velikii Knyaz (Великий Князь) (translated as Grand Prince or Grand Duke, see Russian Grand Dukes). He ruled a Russian: Великое Княжеcтво, romanized: Velikoye Knyazhestvo or Ukrainian: Велике Князiвcтво, romanized: Velyke Knyazivstvo (Grand Duchy), while a ruler of its vassal constituent (udel, udelnoe knyazivstvo or volost) was called udelny knyaz or simply knyaz.
When Kievan Rus' became fragmented in the 13th century, the title Kniaz continued to be used in East Slavic states, including Kiev, Chernihiv, Novgorod, Pereiaslav, Vladimir-Suzdal, Muscovy, Tver, Kingdom of Ruthenia, and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Carol masc. proper name, from Medieval Latin Carolus, which is of Germanic origin, from the common noun meaning "man, husband" (see carl). As a fem. proper name, an abbreviation of Caroline. The masc. name never has been popular in U.S.; the fem. form was common after c. 1900 and was a top-10 name for U.S. girls born 1936-1950.
carl (n.) c. 1300, "bondsman; common man, man of low birth," from Old Norse karl "man (as opposed to "woman"), male, freeman," from Proto-Germanic *karlon- (source also of Dutch karel "a fellow," Old High German karl "a man, husband), the same base that produced Old English ceorl "man of low degree" (see churl) and the masc. proper name Carl.
The Mellere was a stout carle for the nones [Chaucer]
Carl masc. proper name, from continental sources such as Danish Carl, Middle High German Karl, from the common noun meaning "man, husband" (see carl). The Carlists in 19c. Spain were partisans of Don Carlos de Borbon.
Caroline fem. proper name, from French, from Italian Carolina, originally a fem. adjective from Medieval Latin Carolus "Charles" (see Charles).
Related entries & more
Carolingian (adj.) 1881, "belonging to the Frankish royal and imperial dynasty founded by Charles Martel, from Medieval Latin Carolus "Charles" (a name from the common Germanic noun meaning "man, husband;" see carl). Also compare Carlovingian.
Charlemagne king of the Franks (742-814), literally "Carl the Great," from French form of Medieval Latin Carolus Magnus (Charles + Magnus).
Carolus Magnus, also Karolus Magnus (literally “Charles the Great” (English), “Karl der Große” (German), i.e., Charlemagne)
Charles masc. proper name, from French Charles, from Medieval Latin Carolus, from Middle High German Karl, literally "man, husband" (see carl).
caroline (adj.) 1650s, "of or pertaining to a Charles," from French, from Medieval Latin Carolus "Charles" (a name from the common Germanic noun meaning "man, husband;" see carl). Especially of Charlemagne, or, in English history, Charles I and Charles II.
[3] regie 1a: a government monopoly (as on tobacco or salt) used chiefly as a means of taxation
b: tobacco or tobacco products bought or supplied by agents of such a monopoly
a regie cigarette
2: direct management of public finance or public works by agents of the government for government account as distinguished from a system under which such public business is done under contract
3: the system of collecting taxes by officials who have either no interest or a very small interest in the proceeds as distinguished from the system of farming them out
b: tobacco or tobacco products bought or supplied by agents of such a monopoly
a regie cigarette
2: direct management of public finance or public works by agents of the government for government account as distinguished from a system under which such public business is done under contract
3: the system of collecting taxes by officials who have either no interest or a very small interest in the proceeds as distinguished from the system of farming them out
[4] regulation (n.) 1670s, "act of regulating; state of being reduced to order," noun of action from regulate. Meaning "a rule for management prescribed by a superior or competent authority" is from 1715. As an adjective, "having a fixed pattern; in accord with a rule or standard," by 1836.
reason (v.) c. 1400, resounen, "to question (someone)," also "to challenge," from Old French resoner, raisoner "speak, discuss; argue; address; speak to," from Late Latin rationare "to discourse," from Latin ratio "reckoning, understanding, motive, cause," from ratus, past participle of reri "to reckon, think" (from PIE root *re- "to reason, count").
[*] SOURCE Kabadayılığın raconunda; hasta, yaşlı, çocuk, kadın, sarhoş kısaca güçsüz ve aciz durumdaki ve mukabele göstermeyen insana dokunmak yoktur. Hiçbir devirde etkisiz yerde yatan birine tekme atmak kimseye yakışmaz.
Çok eskilere gitmeye gerek yok, bundan 15-20 yıl önce bile bir delikanlıya 2-3 kişi saldırsa asla yakıştırılmaz ve “delikanlıysanız tek tek gelin” denirdi.
Zaman zaman, bu tür olaylar karşısında; “insanlık kalmamış” diye söylendiğimiz mutlaka olmuştur.
Kimilerine göre; kabadayılık, delikanlılık, racon kesmek gibi kavramlar tarih oldu.
Kimilerine göre de; kendi çapında herkes kabadayı.
1966 yılında İhsan Birinci’nin yazdıklarına göre kabadayılar;
“Kahküllü saçlar üzerinde sol kaşa düşürülmüş, tepesinden yana gelen kalın ibrişim püsküllü sıfır numara kalıplı siyah fes. Kartal kanat, kısa ceket altına giyilen, patatuka denen önü iri düğmeli fermane. İçte sırt tarafına kılaptanlı aslan, kaplan, tavus kuşu yahut denizkızı işlemeli camedan denilen bir yelek. Damı bal peteği şeklinde oyuklu mintan Belde ipekli Sakız veya Trablus kuşağı Boyundan atma püsküllü, gümüş kordonu ile boğazında da önden düğmeli bir mendil.
Alt kısmında, yarım Fransız denilen yukarısı dar, dizden aşağı genişleyen ve arka paçası, koyu mor veya siyah kadife kaplı kıvrık pantolon. Ayaklarda da beyaz çorap üstüne, yan lastikleri yürek biçiminde yumurta ökçeli, basık arkalı yarım şıpıtıklar Kuşak büklümlerinin arasındaki saldırmanın yanında, dökme pirinçten aslan başlı bir de çekecek (silahlar, bazen de camedan’ın sol taraf içinde saklanır).
Kendilerine has yürüyüşleriyle, ara sıra silah yerlerini yoklamak suretiyle omuz atıp, seyrek adımlarla bol paçalarını bir içe, bir de dışa yalpalarlar.
“Heeeyt Var mı bana yan bakan? Bu kadar tilki divanı sana yeter, lafına yekûn tut da bas git”
Bilhassa kabadayılar, aralarındaki anlaşmazlığı böyle yüksekten atıp halledemezlerse, seçecekleri bir mahalde, güvendikleri kimselerin önünde meramlarını anlatırlardı. Verilen karara da boyun eğmek mecburiyetindeydiler.
Buna, aslı İtalyanca olan “Racon kesme” denirdi. Taraflardan biri, kesilen racona itiraz ederse, o muhitten (bir daha gelmemek üzere) uzaklaştırılırdı. Şayet her ikisi de kabul etmezse, dava silahla neticelenir ve heyet de bu suretle “Madra” olmuş olurdu.
Böyle kişiler; efendi kabadayılar, tulumbacılar ve külhanbeyler olarak sınıflandırılmıştı.
Külhanbeylerin ekserisi polise eyvallah deyip hizmet ederler, menfaatleri icabı, kendi gibileriyle dalaşırlardı. Bunların arasında bir de “sulu” denilen zümre vardı. Suluların mevkii daha aşağıydı.
Tulumbacı kabadayılar yalnız yangınlarda görünürlerdi. Çatışmaları tamamen takımlar arası rekabetten ibaretti. Bunların arasında bir de Rum kabadayılar vardı ki, vurucu, kırıcı kasa hırsızlığı yaparlardı.
Esas kabadayılar, daha ziyade dürüstlüğü ile muhitinin hamisi vasfında olanlarıydı. Bu kişiler, efendiydiler. Kendilerine göre adet ve örfleriyle, koydukları kaideye uymaya mecburdurlar. Giyinişleri bile normale yakın olup, silahlarını gizleme bakımından pardesüsüz bile gezmezlerdi.
Zayıfı ve bilhassa ırz ehlini korur, bu yoldan azıcık inhiraflı (sapma) görülenleri de yok ederlerdi. Vasıfları çizilen bu tiplerin silahları da, saldırma, kama, makine (tabanca) söğüt yaprağı bıçak ve o zamanları pek makbul sayılan Sheffield marka sustalı idi.
Topkapı, Mevlanekapı, Çeşmemeydanı, Yeşiltulumba, meşhur kabadayıların mekanı idi. Eski İstanbul’un Birinci Daire (Fatih,) Dördüncü Daire (Cerrahpaşa,) Altıncı Daire (Beyoğlu) diye ayırdığı bu mühim yerlerde, o zamanlar tüfekle mücehhez dört askerle bir polis kol gezerek, şehrin asayişini temine çalışırlardı.
Bir dönemin kabadayıları; Tıflıbozzade Kahraman Bey, Arap Abdullah, Sarraf Niyazi, Arif Bey, Matlı Mustafa, Ziya, Topal Tevfik, Kadırgalı Kör Emin, Arap Dilaver, Kavanoz Mehmed, Karamürselli Tahir, Laf Turan, Mevlanekapılı Hilmi, Arnavut Halil, İzmirli Nazif, Elbasanlı Ramazan, Boğazkesenli Abdi, Dökmeci Hayrullah, Köşklü Ahmed, Kadayıfçı Ali, Kazaskerin Ahmed, Yenibahçeli Lütfü, Aynacı Bekir, Balıkçı Deli Ahmed, Martdokuzu Ali, Kayyum Ali Bey, Karacaahmetli Asaf, Vidinli Ali, Ara Ahmed ve Tatlıcı Raif.”
Günümüzde efendi kabadayılar kalmadı.
Dürüstlüğü ile muhitinin hamisi vasfında olan, kendilerine göre adet ve örfleriyle, koydukları kaideye uyan, zayıfı ve bilhassa ırz ehlini koruyan, kabadayıların yerini şimdi ne yazık ki; yüzlerce silahlı korumayla dolaşan, zayıf ve aciz kalmış, yerde yatan insanı bile tekmeleyen, yumruk atan sahte kabadayılar aldı.
Bana göre onlara; sahte kabadayı bile denmez...
[2] reason (n.) : c. 1200, "intellectual faculty that adopts actions to ends," also "statement in an argument, statement of explanation or justification," from Anglo-French resoun, Old French raison "course; matter; subject; language, speech; thought, opinion," from Latin rationem (nominative ratio) "reckoning, understanding, motive, cause," from ratus, past participle of reri "to reckon, think," from PIE root *re- "to reason, count."
Reason is never a root, neither of act nor desire.
[Robinson Jeffers, "Meditation on Saviors"]
Meaning "sanity; degree of intelligence that distinguishes men from brutes" is recorded from late 13c. Sense of "grounds for action, motive, cause of an event" is from c. 1300. Middle English sense of "meaning, signification" (early 14c.) is in the phrase rhyme or reason. Phrase it stands to reason is from 1630s. Age of Reason "the Enlightenment" is first recorded 1794, as the title of Tom Paine's book.
reason (v.) :early 14c., resunmen, "to question (someone)," also "to challenge," from Old French raisoner "speak, discuss; argue; address; speak to," from Late Latin rationare "to discourse," from ratio "reckoning, understanding, motive, cause," from ratus, past participle of reri "to reckon, think," from PIE root *re- "to reason, count." Intransitive sense of "to think in a logical manner" is from 1590s; transitive sense of "employ reasoning (with someone)" is from 1847. Related: Reasoned; reasoning.