See also: Mavi Boncuk posting on Dosya, Doküman, Evrak, Varak, Kâğıt, Kalem, Katip, Defter, Parşömen
Mavi Boncuk |
Dosya: dosye TR; file EN [1] [ Tıngır & Sinapian, Istılahat Lugati, 1892]
from FR dossier 1. sırtlık, evrak üzerine geçirilen kılıf, 2. bir muameleye ait evrakın tümü.
Evrak: Document EN [2] [ Ömer b. Mezîd, Mecmuatü'n-nezâir, 1437]
Çün ki vasfıŋda Sāfī evrak-ı defter depretür
from Arabic awrāḳ أوراق [wrḳ afˁāl plural] yapraklar, (mecazen) sayfalar , Arabic waraḳ ورق yaprak
Arşiv: archives[3] EN; (used in plural)[ Cumhuriyet - gazete, 1934] Umum müdürlüğünün yeni teşkilatından istihbarat, (...) arşiv ve kütüphane, turizm kısımlarını
from FR archives evrak koleksiyonu; OLat archiva; oldGR arχaîa αρχαia ; oldGR rχaîon αρχαῖον devlete ait (bina veya evrak); oldGR arχē αρχή devlet, yönetim +ion + arşi
Doktor: Doctor EN [4] "tabip" [ Basiretçi Ali Bey, İstanbul Mektupları, 1873] efradın cezası doktorun cezasından hafiftir. ~ Fr docteur 1. üniversitede hocalık beratına sahip kimse, doktora sahibi, 2. diplomalı tabip [esk.], genelde tabip << Lat doctor öğretmen, hoca ltalian|Latin docere, doct- öğretmek +or
[1] File: (noun) Look up file at Dictionary.com 1520s, "string or wire on which documents are strung," from French file "a row" (15c.), noun derived from Middle French filer "string documents; spin thread" . The literal sense explains why from the beginning until recently things were generally on file (or upon file). The meaning "collection of papers systematically arranged for ready reference" is from 1620s; computer sense is from 1954. The sense "row of persons or things one behind another" (1590s) is originally military, from the French verb in the sense of "march in file." Meaning "line of squares on a chessboard running directly from player to player" is from 1610s.
Folder: (noun) Look up folder at Dictionary.com 1550s, "one who folds;" 1903, "folding cover for loose papers" (earlier as "a fold-up document," often a railway timetable or map); agent noun from fold (v.).
Dossier: (noun) : 1880, from French dossier "bundle of papers," from dos "back" (12c.), from Vulgar Latin dossum, variant of Latin dorsum"back" (see dorsal). Supposedly so called because the bundle bore a label on the back, or possibly from resemblance of the bulge in a mass of bundled papers to the curve of a back. Old French dossiere meant "back-strap, ridge strap (of a horse's harness)."
[2] Document (noun) : early 15c., "teaching, instruction," from Old French document (13c.) "lesson, written evidence," from Latin documentum "example, proof, lesson," in Medieval Latin "official written instrument," from docere[*] "to show, teach" (see doctor (n.)). Meaning "something written that provides proof or evidence" is from early 18c. Related: Documents.
[*] 1630s, from Latin docentem (nominative docens), present participle of docere "to teach". As a noun, from 1880.
[3] c.1600, from French archif (16c.), from Late Latin archivum (singular), from Greek ta arkheia "public records," plural of arkheion "town hall," from arkhe "government," literally "beginning, origin, first place". Archon (Greek ἄρχων arkhon; pl. ἄρχοντες) is a Greek word that means "ruler" or "lord," frequently used as the title of a specific public office. It is the masculine present participle of the verb stem ἀρχ-, meaning "to rule," derived from the same root as monarch.
Archon: one of the nine chief magistrates of ancient Athens, 1650s, from Greek arkhon "ruler," noun use of present participle of arkhein "to rule," from PIE *arkhein- "to begin, rule, command," a "Gk. verb of unknown origin, but showing archaic Indo-European features ... with derivatives arkhe, 'rule, beginning,' and arkhos, 'ruler'" [Watkins].
In Athens a republican system of nine concurrent Archons evolved, led by three respective remits over the civic, military, and religious affairs of the state: the three office holders being known as the Eponymos archon (Ἐπώνυμος ἄρχων; the "name" ruler, who gave his name to the year in which he held office), the Polemarch ("war ruler"), and the Archon Basileus ("king ruler"). The six others were the Thesmothétai, Judicial Officers. Originally these offices were filled from the wealthier classes by elections every ten years. During this period the eponymous Archon was the chief magistrate, the Polemarch was the head of the armed forces, and the Archon Basileus was responsible for some civic religious arrangements, and for the supervision of some major trials in the law courts. After 683 BC the offices were held for only a single year, and the year was named after the Archōn Epōnymos.
[4] Doctor: (verb) 1590s, "to confer a degree on," from doctor (n.). Meaning "to treat medically" is from 1712; sense of "alter, disguise, falsify" is from 1774. Related: Doctored; doctoring.
Doctorate: (noun) "degree of a doctor," 1670s; see doctor (n.) + -ate (1).
Doctor: (noun) c.1300, "Church father," from Old French doctour, from Medieval Latin doctor "religious teacher, adviser, scholar," in classical Latin "teacher," agent noun from docere "to show, teach, cause to know," originally "make to appear right," causative of decere "be seemly, fitting" (see decent).
Meaning "holder of highest degree in university" is first found late 14c.; as is that of "medical professional" (replacing native leech (n.2)), though this was not common till late 16c. The transitional stage is exemplified in Chaucer's Doctor of phesike (Latin physica came to be used extensively in Medieval Latin for medicina). Similar usage of the equivalent of doctor is colloquial in most European languages: Italian dottore, French docteur, German doktor, Lithuanian daktaras, though these are typically not the main word in those languages for a medical healer. For similar evolution, see Sanskrit vaidya- "medical doctor," literally "one versed in science." German Arzt, Dutch arts are from Late Latin archiater, from Greek arkhiatros "chief healer," hence "court physician." French médecin is a back-formation from médicine, replacing Old French miege, from Latin medicus.