Vatan Millet Sakarya,1974
Mavi Boncuk |
Vatan Millet Sakarya
Vatan: home, homeland EN das hous, die Heimat GE from AR waṭan وطن [#wṭn msd.] kişinin doğduğu veya yaşadığı yer, ikametgâh, konut < Ar waṭana وطن ikamet etti, konakladı
Oldest Source:
[ Darir (çev.), Kıssa-i Yusuf (s.1377) : anuñ içün eyledün anbār ben, kim zevāde ola halka der-vatān ]
[ Erzurumlu Darir, Kıssa-i Yusuf terc., <1377 font="">1377>
anuŋ içün eyledün anbār ben, kim zevāde ola χalḳa der-vatān
[ Meninski, Thesaurus, 1680]
vatan tutmak, vatan idinmek, vatan-i haḳīḳī, vatan-i aslī
~ Ar waṭan وَطَن [#wṭn faˁal ] kişinin doğduğu veya yaşadığı yer, yurt, konut ≈ Ar waṭana وَطَنَ ikamet etti, konakladı
Ottoman use politically from 1860’s as a similar meaning to FR patrie
Similar to: anavatan, ehli vatan, vatan haini, vatani, vataniye, vatansever, vatansız, yavru vatan, vatandaş, vatanperver
Millet: nation EN,
[ Kutadgu Bilig, 1069]
ay millatḳa tāc, ay şariatḳa dīn [ey milletin tacı, ey şeriatın dini
[ Gülşehri, Mantıku't-Tayr, 1317]
yetmiş iki millet-ile dirile / kamu dürlü ḳavm yolını bile
[ Ahmed Vefik Paşa, Lehce-ı Osmani, 1876]
millet: Aslı din ve mezheb. Ümmet, kavim, cemaat. (...) millī: Millete raci ve mensup, ecnebi olmayan.
[ Şemseddin Sami, Kamus-ı Türki, 1900]
millet: 1. Din, mezheb, 2. bir din ve mezhebde bulunan camaat. (Lisanımızda bu lugat sehven ümmet ve ümmet lugati millet yerine kullanılıp, mesela 'mileli İslamiye' ve 'Türk milleti' ve bilakis 'ümmeti İslamiye' diyenler vardır.)
~ Ar milla(t) ملّة [#mll fiˁla(t) mr.] din, töre, bir din ve töreye bağlı cemaat ~ Aram millā מִלָּה söz < Aram mālal, məlal מלל konuşmak, söylemek
Not: Arapça sözcük "din" ve "dinî cemaat" anlamındadır; Ottoman use politically from 1860’s as a similar meaning to FR nation and after 1920 lost it's religious context.
Similarly: milletler arası, milletvekili, millî, milli olmak, millici, beynelmilel, milliyet
OldTR: [ Kaşgarî, Divan-i Lugati't-Türk, 1073]
ülüş [[pay, nasip]] (...) uluş [[Balasagun ve ona komşu Argu ülkesinin lehçesinde "kent" demektir. Nitekim Balasagun kentine 'kuz uluş' denir.]]
KirghizTR: "kısım" [ Codex Cumanicus, 1303]
pars integra [tam pay] - butun ulus ... quartum par [dörtte bir pay] - tortungi ulus
TartarTR: "... aşiret, kavim" [ Mesud b. Ahmed, Süheyl ü Nevbahar terc., 1354]
beg olmış idi bir ulusa ol
"... göçebe topluluğu" [ Asım Ef., Kamus-ı Muhit terc., 1800]
el heltāt: Yurttan yurda konup göçer olan taife-i insaniye denir ki göçer evli ta'bir olunur; Türkmanlar ulus ta'bir ederler.
TR: "... millet (Fr nation karşılığı)" [ Cumhuriyet - gazete, 1933]
Moğol nedir? Bir ulus! Ne ulusu? Ne ulusu olacak, Türk ulusu!
~ Moğ ulus pay, kısım, kağan ailesinin her bir üyesine tahsis edilen ülke ≈ ETü ülüş 1. pay, 2. ülke, şehir < ETü *ül- pay etmek +Iş
→ üleş-
Not: Moğolcadaki Türkçe alıntılarda /ş/ > /s/ dönüşümü tipiktir. TTü sözcük 13. yy'da Moğolcadan alınmış siyasi/kültürel bir terimdir. Modern döneme dek "göçebe Türkmenlerde büyük aşiret, aşiretler birliği" anlamında kullanılmıştır. • YTü sözcük 28 Eylül 1934'ten itibaren gazetelerde çok yoğun olarak kullanılmıştır.
Similarly: ulusçu, ulusçuluk, uluslararası, uluslarüstü, uluslaşmak, ulusal
Sakarya: City named after Sakarya river. Coming under Ottoman rule during the reign of Orhan Gazi in 1324. Historically known as"Ada Karyesi".
Sakarya River lies near the historic city of Sangia , a city called holly in the name of river god Sangarius [*] by the Phrygians. Later changed to Zakharion (attacker). Becoming Sakarya in later use.
[*] Sakarya – Sangarios
Attis Ἄττις, also Ἄτυς, Ἄττυς, Ἄττης) was the consort of Cybele in Phrygian and Greek mythology. His priests were eunuchs, the Galli, as explained by origin myths pertaining to Attis and castration. Attis was also a Phrygian god of vegetation. In his self-mutilation, death and resurrection he represents the fruits of the earth which die in winter only to rise again in the spring. An Attis cult began around 1250 BC in Dindymon (today's Murat Dağı of Gediz, Kütahya, Turkey). He was originally a local semi-deity of Phrygia, associated with the great Phrygian trading city of Pessinos, which lay under the lee of Mount Agdistis. The mountain was personified as a daemon, whom foreigners associated with the Great Mother Cybele.
In the late 4th century BC, a cult of Attis became a feature of the Greek world. The story of his origins at Agdistis, recorded by the traveler Pausanias, have some distinctly non-Greek elements: Pausanias was told that the daemon Agdistis initially bore both male and female attributes. But the Olympian gods, fearing Agdistis, cut off the male organ and cast it away. There grew up from it an almond-tree, and when its fruit was ripe, Nana, who was a daughter of the river-god Sangarius, picked an almond and laid it in her bosom. The almond disappeared, and she became pregnant. Nana abandoned the baby (Attis)
Ulus: From a Mongolic source, compare Mongolian улс (uls, “state, country”), from Old Turkic [script needed] (uluş, “country, city”) which is likely related to Old Turkic [script needed] (ülüş, “lot, endowment”),[1] therefore from Proto-Turkic *üle- (“to divide, distribute, endow”),[2] see more at üleş and üleşmek.
Proto-Turkic: *üle-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Proto-Altaic: *p`ŭle ( ~ -i)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to be left, surplus
Russian meaning: оставаться, излишек
Turkic: *üle-
Mongolian: *hüle-
Tungus-Manchu: *pule-
Meaning: 1 to divide, distribute, endow 2 lot, endowment
Russian meaning: 1 разделять, распределять, наделять 2 доля, надел
Old Turkic: üle-, üleš- 1, ülüg, ülüš 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: üle-, üleš- 1, ülüg, ülüš 2 (MK, KB)
Turkish: üleš- 1, üleš 2
Tatar: ü̆läš- 1, ü̆lĭš 2
Middle Turkic: ülü 2, üle- 1 (AH), üleš- 1, üleš 2 (Pav. C.), ülüš 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)
Uzbek: uläš- 1, uĺuš 2
Uighur: üläš- 1, ülüš 2
Sary-Yughur: ülis- 2
Turkmen: üle, ülüš 2, üle-, üleš- 1
Khakassian: üle- 1, ülüs 2
Shor: üle-, üleš- 1, üleš, ülüš 2
Oyrat: ülü, ülöš 2, üle-, üleš-, ülöš- 1
Chuvash: valeś- 1
Tuva: üle- 1, üleš 2
Kirghiz: ülöš, ülüš 2
Kazakh: üles- 1, üles 2
Noghai: üles- 1, ülis 2
Bashkir: ü̆läš- 1, ü̆lü̆š 2
Balkar: üleš- 1, üleš, ülüš 2
Karaim: üleš-, ülüš- 1, ülüš 2
Karakalpak: üles- 1, üles 2
Kumyk: üleš- 1
Source: Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill:
This comparative and etymological dictionary of the more than fifty languages traditionally classified as Altaic is arguably the most comprehensive, systematic work as yet on the subject.
Subdivided into five branches: Turkic, Mongolian, Tungus-Manchu, Korean and Japanese, it deals with the entire Altaic family.
The introduction contains a detailed account of the phonetic correspondences between Altaic languages, as well as their morphological and lexical characteristics.
The body of the dictionary presents almost 3000 lexical matches between different subgroups of Altaic, with Proto-Altaic reconstructions and detailed reflexes in ancient and modern languages. Wherever possible comments are given to distinguish between inherited vocabulary and various later interlingual borrowings.
With detailed indices for each language. A true reference work of great importance.See Less
Publication Date: 12 May 2003 | ISBN: 978-90-04-13153-8
Sergei Starostin was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and co-organizer of the Evolution of Human Languages program in the Santa Fe Institute, USA. He has published extensively on historical linguistics and Altaic languages, including The Altaic Problem and the Origin of Japanese (Moscow, 1991). Anna Dybo, Ph.D. (1992), Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, has published extensively in the fields of Turcology and Tungus-Manchurology. Her main work is Semantic reconstruction in Altaic Etymology(Moscow, 1996). Oleg Mudrak, Ph.D. (1994), Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences is Professor at the Russian State University of the Humanities. He is a well-known specialist in Altaic and Paleo-Siberian languages and author of Historical Correspondences of Chuvash and Turkic Vowels (Moscow, 1993).
All the work was conducted within the STARLING database created by S. Starostin. The Altaic database is constantly available on line at the Web address: http://starling.rinet.ru.
SOURCE: https://www.bulgari-istoria-2010.com/Rechnici/etymological_dictionary_of_altaic_languages.pdf
Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin (Cyrillic: Серге́й Анато́льевич Ста́ростин, March 24, 1953 – September 30, 2005[1]) was a Russian historical linguist and philologist, perhaps best known for his reconstructions of hypothetical proto-languages, including his work on the controversial Altaic theory, the formulation of the Dené–Caucasian hypothesis, and the proposal of a Borean language of still earlier date. He was also the author of a widely respected reconstruction of Old Chinese.
In 1986, Starostin and Igor M. Diakonoff suggested that the Hurro-Urartian languages belong to the Northeast Caucasian language family. Starostin was also instrumental in the reconstruction of Proto-Kiranti, Proto-Tibeto-Burman, Proto-Yeniseian, Proto-North-Caucasian, and Proto-Altaic. He developed the theory, originated by Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur Khan in the 17th century, but really revived by Gustaf John Ramstedt in the early 20th century, that Japanese is an Altaic language.
The Dené–Caucasian hypothesis proposes that Northwest Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian, Yeniseian, Sino-Tibetan, and Na-Dené form a single, higher-order language family. According to Starostin, the Dené–Caucasian and Austric macrofamilies, together with the Nostratic macrofamily (as envisaged by Vladislav Illich-Svitych, with some modifications), can further be linked at an earlier stage, which Starostin called the Borean (i.e. 'Northern') languages.
Home, Nation, Country, Citizen, Patriot
[1] home (n.)
Old English ham "dwelling place, house, abode, fixed residence; estate; village; region, country," from Proto-Germanic *haimaz "home" (source also of Old Frisian hem "home, village," Old Norse heimr "residence, world," heima "home," Danish hjem, Middle Dutch heem, German heim "home," Gothic haims "village"), from PIE *(t)koimo-, suffixed form of root *tkei- "to settle, dwell, be home." As an adjective from 1550s. The old Germanic sense of "village" is preserved in place names and in hamlet.
'Home' in the full range and feeling of [Modern English] home is a conception that belongs distinctively to the word home and some of its Gmc. cognates and is not covered by any single word in most of the IE languages. [Buck]
Slang phrase make (oneself) at home "become comfortable in a place one does not live" dates from 1892 (at home "at one's ease" is from 1510s). To keep the home fires burning is a song title from 1914. To be nothing to write home about "unremarkable" is from 1907. Home movie is from 1919; home computer is from 1967. Home stretch (1841) is from horse racing (see stretch (n.)). Home economics as a school course first attested 1899; the phrase itself by 1879 (as "household management" is the original literal sense of economy, the phrase is etymologically redundant).
Home as the goal in a sport or game is from 1778. Home base in baseball attested by 1856; home plate by 1867. Home team in sports is from 1869; home field "grounds belonging to the local team" is from 1802 (the 1800 citation in OED 2nd ed. print is a date typo, as it refers to baseball in Spokane Falls). Home-field advantage attested from 1955.
home (v.)
1765, "to go home," from home (n.). Meaning "be guided to a destination by radio signals, etc." (of missiles, aircraft, etc.) is from 1920; it had been used earlier in reference to pigeons (1862). Related: Homed; homing. Old English had hamian "to establish in a home."
[2] nation (n.)
c. 1300, nacioun, "a race of people, large group of people with common ancestry and language," from Old French nacion "birth, rank; descendants, relatives; country, homeland" (12c.) and directly from Latin nationem (nominative natio) "birth, origin; breed, stock, kind, species; race of people, tribe," literally "that which has been born," from natus, past participle of nasci "be born" (Old Latin gnasci), from PIE root *gene- "give birth, beget," with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups.
The word is used in English in a broad sense, "a race of people an aggregation of persons of the same ethnic family and speaking the same language," and also in the narrower sense, "a political society composed of a government and subjects or citizens and constituting a political unit; an organized community inhabiting a defined territory within which its sovereignty is exercised."
In Middle English it is not easy to distinguish them, but the "political society" sense emerged by 16c., perhaps late 14c. and it has gradually predominated. The older sense is preserved in the application of nation to the native North American peoples (1640s). Nation-building "creation of a new nation" is attested by 1907 (implied in nation-builder). Nation-state "sovereign country the inhabitants of which are united by language, culture, and common descent" is from 1918.
A nation is an organized community within a certain territory; or in other words, there must be a place where its sole sovereignty is exercised. [Theodore D. Woolsey, "Introduction to the Study of International Law," 1864]
[3] country (n.)
mid-13c., "(one's) native land;" c. 1300, "any geographic area," sometimes with implications of political organization, from Old French contree, cuntrede "region, district, country," from Vulgar Latin *(terra) contrata "(land) lying opposite," or "(land) spread before one," in Medieval Latin "country, region," from Latin contra "opposite, against" (see contra-). The native word is land.
Also from c. 1300 as "area surrounding a walled city or town; the open country." By early 16c. the word was applied mostly to rural areas, as opposed to towns and cities. Meaning "inhabitants of a country, the people" is from c. 1300.
INTERVIEWER [Steve Rossi]: "Would you say you're the best fighter in the country?
PUNCH-DRUNK BOXER [Marty Allen]: "Yeah, but in the city they murder me."
As an adjective from late 14c., "peculiar to one's own country (obsolete); by 1520s as "pertaining to or belonging to the rural parts of a region," typically with implications of "rude, unpolished."
Country air "fresh air" is from 1630s. First record of country-and-western as a music style is by 1942, American English. Country music is by 1968. Country club "recreational and social club, typically exclusive, located in or near the country" is by 1886. Country mile "a long way" is from 1915, American English. Country-mouse is from 1580s; the fable of the mouse cousins is as old as Aesop. Country road "road through rural regions" is from 1873.
[4] citizen (n.)
c. 1300, citisein (fem. citeseine) "inhabitant of a city or town," from Anglo-French citesein, citezein "city-dweller, town-dweller, citizen" (Old French citeien, 12c., Modern French citoyen), from cite (see city) + -ain (see -ian). According to Middle English Compendium, the -s-/-z- in Anglo-French presumably replaced an earlier *-th-. Old English words were burhsittend and ceasterware.
Sense of "freeman or inhabitant of a country, member of the state or nation, not an alien" is late 14c. Meaning "private person" (as opposed to a civil officer or soldier) is from c. 1600. As a title, 1795, from French: During the French Revolution, citoyen was used as a republican alternative to Monsieur.
Citizen's arrest, one carried out by a private person, without a warrant, allowable in certain cases, is recorded from 1941; citizen's band (radio) from 1947. Citizen of the world (late 15c.) translates Latin civem totius mundi, Greek kosmopolites.
He is not a citizen who is not disposed to respect the laws and to obey the civil magistrate; and he is certainly not a good citizen who does not wish to promote, by every means in his power, the welfare of the whole society of his fellow-citizens. [Adam Smith, "Theory of Moral Sentiments"]
[5] patriot (n.)
1590s, "compatriot," from Middle French patriote (15c.) and directly from Late Latin patriota "fellow-countryman" (6c.), from Greek patriotes "fellow countryman," from patrios "of one's fathers," patris "fatherland," from pater (genitive patros) "father" (see father (n.)); with -otes, suffix expressing state or condition. Liddell & Scott write that patriotes was "applied to barbarians who had only a common [patris], [politai] being used of Greeks who had a common [polis] (or free-state)."
Meaning "loyal and disinterested supporter of one's country" is attested from c. 1600, but became an ironic term of ridicule or abuse from mid-18c. in England, so that Johnson, who at first defined it as "one whose ruling passion is the love of his country," in his fourth edition added, "It is sometimes used for a factious disturber of the government."
The name of patriot had become [c. 1744] a by-word of derision. Horace Walpole scarcely exaggerated when he said that ... the most popular declaration which a candidate could make on the hustings was that he had never been and never would be a patriot. [Macaulay, "Horace Walpole," 1833]
Somewhat revived in reference to resistance movements in overrun countries in World War II, it has usually had a positive sense in American English, where the phony and rascally variety has been consigned to the word patrioteer (1928). Oriana Fallaci ["The Rage and the Pride," 2002] marvels that Americans, so fond of patriotic, patriot, and patriotism, lack the root noun and are content to express the idea of patria by cumbersome compounds such as homeland. (Joyce, Shaw, and H.G. Wells all used patria as an English word early 20c., but it failed to stick.) Patriots' Day (April 19, anniversary of the 1775 skirmishes at Lexington and Concord Bridge) was observed as a legal holiday in Maine and Massachusetts from 1894.