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Film | Schmutziges Geld in Istanbul

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See: https://youtu.be/EiPUo7tvATo 
(Reel 5 of 5 of a Canadian 9,5mm Pathé-Baby print with notched titles. )

" Wong doesn’t disappoint in the title role, as a lowly nightclub dancer in some vague Eastern city (Istanbul was suggested) who finds herself early on being attacked by a group of ruffians and saved by surly Jack (Heinrich George), a man seemingly on the down-and-out. Soon, Song forms an affection for Jack as they go into work together… for it turns out he is a knife-thrower! This is, however, where the film’s great weakness is exposed, for the script is full of this kind of scarcely believable whimsy, as it introduces a long-lost love for Jack in the form of the haughty ballerina Gloria (Mary Kid), her boyfriend, a rich impresario, and a plot line about Jack losing his eyesight after a heist gone wrong — although this does at least lead to some tension when he’s doing his knife act. By the time the impresario has promoted Song to lead dancer at his swanky club (shades of Piccadilly) and is asking her to choose between him and the cruelly-abusive Jack (who still pines for Gloria), the relationship drama has all become a bit ‘whatever’ for this viewer, but at least Anna May’s star still shines bright." 









Mavi Boncuk |

Schmutziges Geld (1928) | August 22, 1928
aka Show Life | aka Song (UK) | Wasted Love
Length 2739 Metres  94 min. (24 fps).| Germany

Directed by Richard Eichberg; Richard Eichberg  producer; Original Music by Paul Dessau;nCinematography by Heinrich Gärtner, Bruno Mondi; Editor: Alfred Booth ; Art Direction by Willi Herrmann (as W.A. Herrmann)
Helen Gosewish ; Adolf Lantz writer from Karl Vollmöller [1] book "Schmutziges Geld"

Cast (in credits order) Anna May Wong[2] : Song; Heinrich George: Jack Houben; Mary Kid : Gloria Lee ; Hans Adalbert Schlettow : Dimitri Alexi ; Sam Paul Hörbiger: Sam


Asian-American icon Anna May Wong flourished in Germany for a brief time in the 1920s. One of her triumphs was this obliquely romantic tale of unrequited love between a waif and a knife thrower, a Madame Butterfly scenario filled with dance and cabaret. Made at the renowned Babelsberg Studios, the film's original title was Schmutziges Geld (Dirty Money). (Richard Eichberg, 1928, English intertitles, silent with live accompaniment by London pianist Stephen Horne, 94 minutes)

Although filmed in Berlin with an all-German cast, Song was financed and distributed by British International Pictures. Anna May Wong plays a Malayan miss who falls in love with a brutish vaudeville knife-thrower Heinrich George. Wong's sweetheart was formerly a renowned painter but was forced to go on the lam after committing a murder. Trouble brews when the woman for whose sake George killed a man suddenly comes back into his life. Hoping to win back the woman's love, George turns to crime to support her in the manner to which she has become accustomed. Alas, his devotion extracts an awful price when he is blinded while participating in a train holdup. Realizing that he will go off the deep end if he discovers that his faithless girlfriend has run out on him, the loyal Wong pretends to be George's ex-lover, even resorting to thievery herself to pay for a sight-restoring operation. 

[1] Karl Gustav Vollmõller (May 7, 1878 – October 18, 1948) was a German playwright and screenwriter. Sometimes credited as Karl Vollmoeller.

He is most famous for two works – the screenplay for the celebrated 1930 German film Der Blaue Engel (The Blue Angel), which made a star of Marlene Dietrich, and the elaborate religious spectacle-pantomime Das Mirakel (The Miracle), which he wrote in collaboration with Max Reinhardt, the famous director, and in which he cast his own wife Maria Carmi in the leading role.


[2] Wong holds a unique place in Hollywood history as the first Asian American screen goddess. The unique career and talent of this Los Angeles native is long overdue for rediscovery and celebration.

Anna May Wong was born Wong Liu Tsong in 1905 in Los Angeles, where her family operated a laundry. Wong began her career as an extra at the age of 14 and had several supporting roles before being cast as the lead in the first two-color Technicolor feature, THE TOLL OF THE SEA (1922). A stunning beauty, Wong was the first Chinese American actress to become an international celebrity and appeared in over 50 films, making the transition from silents to talkies and even to television. However, despite her star power, Wong lost some coveted roles to white actors in “yellowface.”

Diabolical Dragon Lady or fragile Lotus Blossom, villainess or victim, Wong’s Hollywood screen persona seemed to oscillate between these two poles. In a wry and telling quote she later reflected, “I think I left Hollywood because I died so often. I was killed in virtually every picture in which I appeared.” Like many of her African American colleagues, she sought greater opportunities in Europe, where she made three remarkable silent pictures, including the glorious and newly restored PICCADILLY, which opens our program, and two German films, SONG and PAVEMENT BUTTERFLY, with director Richard Eichberg.

In the late 1920s, Wong sailed for Europe, hoping to escape the stereotyped roles being offered her in Hollywood. In her first film with German director Richard Eichberg, Wong plays Song, a down-on-her-luck Malayan dancer who becomes involved with a mysterious knife-thrower after he saves her from two thugs. They form a successful act on their own, and Song soon falls for her partner until the return of his former lover sets off a fatal series of events. Wong enchanted film audiences across Europe with her masterfully subtle performance and electrifying screen presence.




BERLIN PRAISES MISS WONG.; Her First Film Produced In Germany Acclaimed at Premiere.
Wireless to THE NEW YORK TIMES. | Published: August 22, 1928

BERLIN, Aug. 21.—Credit is given to China for the success achieved in the Alhambra Theatre last night by Anna May Wong of Hollywood in "Song," the first picture she screened here under the management of Richard Eichberg, independent German producer.

Berlin critics, who were unanimous in praise of both the star and the production, neglect to mention that Anna May is of American birth. They stress only her Chinese origin. She is acclaimed not only as an actress of transcendent talent but as a great beauty. Such phrases as "this exquisite Oriental maiden,""porcelain loveliness" and "exotic pulchritude" are common in all the reviews.

"Song," which will be distributed by the British International Company under its new German joint production contract, is based on a story by Carl Vollmoeller, author of "The Miracle."

Miss Wong interprets the part of a little Chinese waif who sacrifices herself to love for a brutal egotist and wins him away from her white rival in the end.

Hodges, Graham Russell Gao: Anna May Wong: From Laundryman’s Daughter to Hollywood Legend . Hodges, Graham Russell Gao: Anna May Wong: From Laundryman's Daughter to Hollywood Legend. Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2004, S. 83ff, ISBN 0312293194 (engl.) Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2004, p. 83ff, ISBN 0312293194 (English)


TIFF 2018 | Saf by Ali Vatansever

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Saf - Mood Video 2 - Short from Ali Vatansever on Vimeo.



Mavi Boncuk | Saf  TRAILER
Ali Vatansever
Turkey, Germany, Romania, 2018, STC

Cast + Credits
Director: Ali Vatansever
Cast: Saadet Isil Aksoy Erol Afsin Onur Buldu Ummu Putgul Kida Ramadan
Cinematography:Tudor Vladimir Panduru
Editing:Evren Lus
Screenplay: Ali Vatansever
Sound: Alexandru Dumitru
Producers: Selin Tezcan Oya Ozden Harry Flöter Jörg Siepmann Anamaria Antoci
Production Companies: Terminal Film 2Pilots Film 4 Proof Film
Publicist:Stephen Lan PR

Turkish director Ali Vatansever weighs the human cost of politically motivated urban renewal in his achingly resonant second feature, about a young couple forced to compromise their ideals and work for the very industry encroaching on their Istanbul neighbourhood, in order to keep up with the rent.
Turkish director Ali Vatansever's achingly resonant second feature unearths the human cost of unchecked, politically motivated urban renewal in a time of economic uncertainty and burgeoning migration. While focusing on a young couple's struggle to make a life in modern Istanbul, Vatansever addresses a broader spectrum of urgent issues that affect this particular metropolis — and, by extension, the world.

Kamil (Erol Afsin) is only 28 years old, but his mounting worries make him look much older. He initially can't bring himself to accept work at one of the many high-rise developments responsible for pushing residents out of his native Fikirtepe neighbourhood, but financial desperation eventually trumps ideals. Kamil secretly takes a job as a bulldozer operator, working under the table for the same reduced wage that was given to the Syrian refugee he replaced, much to the violent resentment of his fellow Turkish co-workers.

Kamil's wife, Remziye (Saadet Isil Aksoy), works as a housekeeper for an affluent family. She maintains the optimism that Kamil lacks and dreams of sharing their humble apartment and its beloved garden with a child. As Kamil's work becomes increasingly alienating and dangerous, Remziye finds herself in a desperate situation.

Compassionately written and crisply rendered, Saf is a special achievement, gracefully transitioning at its midpoint from one protagonist's point of view to another's. This is no mere narrative stunt but, rather, a gesture toward understanding how the plight of a single person connects to that of another — and, one by one, to the whole world.

Director
Ali Vatansever

Ali Vatansever was born in Istanbul. He studied industrial design at Istanbul Technical University and film at Istanbul Bilgi University and the Rochester Institute of Technology. He made his directorial debut with El Yazýsý (12). Saf (18) is his second film.

 Born 1981 in Istanbul, Turkey. Following his BSc in industrial design, he studied film production at RIT as Fulbright scholar. He is pursuing his PhD in Istanbul University on "immersive design and non-linear storytelling" and teaches film in Istanbul Technical University. Since 2003, he is a member of the steering committee of the International Design and Cinema Conferences, Istanbul. He co-edited “Design and Cinema: Form Follows Film” (Cambridge Scholars Press, 2006). Ali is working as director/producer within Terminal Films, a production company he co-founded in Istanbul, Turkey. His debut feature "One Day or Another" is widely released in theaters in Turkey, March 2012. 

 More info at: www.terminal.com.tr www.alivatansever.com www.elyazisifilm.com @ali_vatansever

Word Origin | Yastık, Yorgan, Battaniye, Pike, Çarşaf

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Mavi Boncuk |

Yastık : pillow EN[1]from oldTR yasta- yassıltmak +Ik from oldTRyas- yaymak, açmak +It-→ yassı
Oldest Source yastuk "bir tür sikke, yassılaştırılmış şey" [ Uygurca (1100 yılından önce) ] yastuk "yastık" [ Divan-i Lugat-it Türk (1070) ]

Yorgan : quilt, duvet, comforter, eiderdown EN[2] from oldTR yogur- katıştırmak, yığıştırmak +gAn → yoğur-
Oldest Source:yogurkan "kalın yatak örtüsü" [ Uygurca (1000 yılından önce) ]

Battaniye :blanket EN[3] From AR? biṭān بط‎ان devenin karnına sarılan kuşak, gömlek içine giyilen yün kuşak dromAR baṭn بط‎ن karın → batın1
Oldest Source: battaliye [ İlan-ı Ticaret: Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e İstanbul (1900) : Yataklara mahsus en zarif ve kalın battaliye ve yorganlar ve çarşaflar. ] battaniye [ İlan-ı Ticaret: Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e İstanbul (1900) : Bilezikler, battaniyeler, bastonlar ]

Çarşaf : sheet EN[4]from FA çādarşab چادرشب gece örtüsü FA çādar چادر örtü + Faşab شب gece → çadır, şebboy
Oldest Source: çarçav [ Codex Cumanicus (1300) ] çārşeb, vulg. çārşef/çārşaf [ Meninski, Thesaurus (1680) ]

Pike :from FR piqué[5] corded cotton, twilled cotton EN[5] Stiff fabric, typically cotton, woven in a strongly ribbed or raised pattern. ‘a white cotton piqué shirt’ 1. sivri bir şeyle delinmiş, gagalanmış, 2. ikiş tabakaka kumaşın üstüste dikilmesiyle elde esilen bir tür dokuma, 3. uçağın dikey olarak dalışa geçmesi < Fr piquer gagalamak, sivri bir şeyle delmek → pik2
Oldest Source:"bir tür kumaş" [ Ahmet Rasim, Şehir Mektupları (1899) : pike yelekli, görülmeyecek kadar ince kordonlu, paçası az bol pantalonlu ]
"uçağın dalışı" [ TDK, Türkçe Sözlük, 1. Baskı (1945) ]

[1] pillow (n.) Middle English pilwe, from Old English pyle "pillow," from West Germanic *pulwi(n) (source also of Old Saxon puli, Middle Dutch polu, Dutch peluw, Old High German pfuliwi, German Pfühl), an early borrowing (2c. or 3c.) from Latin pulvinus "little cushion, small pillow," of uncertain origin. Modern spelling is from mid-15c. Pillow fight (n.) attested from 1837; slang pillow talk (n.) first recorded 1939.

[2] quilt (n.) c. 1300, "mattress with soft lining," from Anglo-French quilte, Old French cuilte, coute "quilt, mattress" (12c.), from Latin culcita "mattress, bolster," of unknown origin. Sense of "thick outer bed covering" is first recorded 1590s.

duvet (n.) 1758, from French duvet "down," earlier dumet, diminutive of dum "down."

comforter (n.) mid-14c., "one who consoles or supports in distress, anger, etc." (originally in religious use, with capital C-, "the Holy Ghost"), from Anglo-French confortour (Old French conforteor) "helper, adviser, supporter," from Vulgar Latin *confortatorem, agent noun from Late Latin confortare "to strengthen much" (see comfort (v.)). As a kind of knitted, crocheted scarf fit for tying around the neck in cold weather, from 1817; as a kind of quilted coverlet, from 1832.

eiderdown (n.) "soft feathers of the eider-duck" (such as it uses to line its nest), 1774; see eider + down (n.1). Ultimately from Icelandic æðardun, via a Scandinavian source (compare Danish ederdunn) or German Eiderdon.

[3] blanket (n.) c. 1300, "coarse white woolen stuff," also "a large oblong piece of woolen cloth used for warmth as a bed-covering" (also as a cover for horses), from Old French blanchet "light wool or flannel cloth; an article made of this material," diminutive of blanc "white" (see blank (adj.)), which had a secondary sense of "a white cloth."

As an adjective, "providing for a number of contingencies," 1886 (blanket-clause in a contract). Wet blanket (1830) is from the notion of a person who throws a damper on social situations in the way a wet blanket smothers a fire. In U.S. history, a blanket Indian (1859) was one using the traditional garment instead of wearing Western dress.

Only 26,000 blanket Indians are left in the United States. ["Atlantic Monthly," March 1906]

[4] Old English sciete (West Saxon), scete (Mercian) "cloth, covering, towel, shroud," from Proto-Germanic *skautjon-, from *skauta- "project" (source also of Old Norse skaut, Gothic skauts "seam, hem of a garment;" Dutch schoot; German Schoß "bosom, lap"), from PIE root *skeud- "to shoot, chase, throw."

Sense of "piece of paper" first recorded c. 1500; that of "any broad, flat surface" (of metal, open water, etc.) is from 1590s. Of falling rain from 1690s. Meaning "a newspaper" is first recorded 1749. Sheet lightning is attested from 1794; sheet music is from 1857. Between the sheets "in bed" (usually with sexual overtones) is attested from 1590s; to be white as a sheet is from 1751. The first element in sheet-anchor (late 15c.) appears to be a different word, of unknown origin.

sheet (n.2) "rope that controls a sail," late 13c., shortened from Old English sceatline "sheet-line," from sceata "lower part of sail," originally "piece of cloth," from same root as sheet (n.1). Compare Old Norse skaut, Dutch schoot, German Schote "rope fastened to a sail."

This probably is the notion in phrase three sheets to the wind "drunk and disorganized," first recorded 1812 (in form three sheets in the wind), an image of a sloop-rigged sailboat whose three sheets have slipped through the blocks are lost to the wind, thus "out of control." Apparently there was an early 19c. informal drunkenness scale in use among sailors and involving one, two, and three sheets, three signifying the highest degree of inebriation; there is a two sheets in the wind from 1813.

It must not be wondered at that the poor, untutored, savage Kentuckyan got "more than two thirds drunk," that is, as the sailors term it, three sheets in the wind and the fourth shivering, before the dinner was ended. [Niles' Weekly Register, May 2, 1812]

[4] bed (v.) Old English beddian "to provide with a bed or lodgings," from bed (n.). From c. 1300 as "to go to bed," also "to copulate with, to go to bed with;" 1440 as "to lay out (land) in plots or beds." sheet (n.1)

bed (n.) Old English bedd "bed, couch, resting place; garden plot," from Proto-Germanic *badja- "sleeping place dug in the ground" (source also of Old Frisian, Old Saxon bed, Middle Dutch bedde, Old Norse beðr, Old High German betti, German Bett, Gothic badi "bed"), sometimes said to be from PIE root *bhedh- "to dig, pierce" (source also of Hittite beda- "to pierce, prick," Greek bothyros "pit," Latin fossa "ditch," Lithuanian bedu, besti "to dig," Breton bez "grave"). But Boutkan doubts this and writes, "there is little reason to assume that the Gmc. peoples (still) lived under such primitive circumstances that they dug out their places to sleep."

Both the sleeping and gardening senses are found in Old English; the specific application to planting is found also in Middle High German and is the only sense of Danish bed. Meaning "bottom of a lake, sea, or watercourse" is from 1580s. Geological sense of "a thick layer, stratum" is from 1680s.

Bed and board "in bed and at the table" (early 13c.) was a term in old law applied to conjugal duties of man and wife; it also could mean "meals and lodging, room and board" (mid-15c.). Bed-and-breakfast in reference to overnight accommodations is from 1838; as a noun, in reference to a place offering such, by 1967.

[5] Piqué, or marcella, refers to a weaving style, normally used with cotton yarn, which is characterized by raised parallel cords or geometric designs in the fabric.[1] Piqué fabrics vary from semi-sheer dimity to heavy weight waffle cloth. Twilled cotton and corded cotton are close relatives.

The weave is closely associated with white tie, and some accounts[which?] even say the fabric was invented specifically for this use. It holds more starch than plain fabric, so produces a stiffer shirt front. Marcella shirts then replaced earlier plain fronts, which remain a valid alternative. Marcella's use then spread to other parts of the dress code and it is now the most common fabric used in the tie and waistcoat of white tie. A knit fabric with a similar texture is used in polo shirts.

Marcella weaving was developed by the Lancashire cotton industry in the late 18th century as a mechanised technique of weaving double cloth with an enclosed heavy cording weft. It was originally used to make imitations of the corded Provençal quilts made in Marseille, the manufacture of which became an important industry for Lancashire from the late 18th to the early 20th century.[2] The term "marcella" is one of a number of variations on the word "Marseille". 


Pique fabrics are a type of dobby construction. Piques may be constructed in various patterns such as cord, waffle, honeycomb and birdseye piques. These fabrics require the addition of extra yarns, called stuffer yarns. These stuffer yarns are incorporated into the back of the fabric to give texture and added depth to the fabric design. Some piques may be made using the Jacquard attachment on the loom. Although made of 100% cotton today, cotton-silk blends and even pure silk versions were made in the past and in a variety of weaves. Twills can be divided into even-sided and warp-faced. Even-sided twills include foulard or surah, herringbone, houndstooth, serge, sharkskin, and twill flannel. Warp-faced twills include cavalry twill, chino, covert, denim, drill, fancy twill, gabardine, and lining twill. Soiling and stains are less noticeable on the uneven surface of twills than on a smooth surface, such as plain weaves, and as a result twills are often used for sturdy work clothing and for durable upholstery. Denim, for example, is a twill. 

(Sewing) (= cousu) machine-stitched [dessus de lit] quilted 






1919 | The Sivas Congress

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Mustafa Kemal had already been building a new base of support to replace the authority he derived from his official position. On June 19, 1919, he met in Amasya with some of the men who were to join him in leading the nationalist movement: Rauf Orbay, former minister of the navy and Ottoman delegate to Mundros, Ali Faut Cebesoy, Commander at Ankara and Refet Bele, who commanded several corps near Samson. On June 21, the three signed the Amasya Protocol, soon after Kazim too accepted, which became more or less the first call for a national movement against the occupation. 

The message was a simple one. 1. The unity of the Fatherland and national independence is in danger. 
2. The Istanbul government is unable to carry out its responsibilities.
3. It is only through the nation's effort and determination that national independence will be won. 
4. It is necessary to establish a national committee, free from all external influences and control, that will review the national situation and make known to the world the people's desire for justice. 
5. It has been decided to hold immediately a national congress in Sivas, the most secure place in Anatolia. 
6. Three representatives from each province should be sent immediately to the Sivas Congress.

Heyet-i Temsiliye members Bekir Sami (Kunduh)
Mustafa Kemal and Hüseyin Rauf (Orbay) at Sivas(4-11 September 1919)


September 9, 1919 Ataturk’s letter to the American Congress announcing the decisions of the Sivas Congress: “We request that a group of Congressmen is sent to all corners of the Ottoman Empire to investigate the prevailing conditions and situation in the Empire with a clear conscience of a nation that has no special interest or relations. The investigation must be carried out before arbitrary decisions are taken for a peace treaty on the future of the Ottoman people and lands”.

Mavi Boncuk |





The Sivas Congress | Sivas Kongresi) was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held for one week from 4 to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas, in central-eastern Turkey, that united delegates from all Anatolian provinces of the Ottoman Empire, which was defunct at the time in practical terms. At the time of the convention, the state capital (Constantinople) as well as many provincial cities and regions were under occupation. The call for the congress had been issued by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk with his Amasya Circular three months before and the preparatory work had been handled during Erzurum Congress. The congress at Sivas took a number of vital decisions which were fundamentally to shape the future policy to be conducted in the frame of the Turkish War of Independence.

Although smaller than the Erzurum Congress (with 38 delegates), the delegates came from a wider geographical area than was the case with the Erzurum Congress. Along with the Erzurum Congress, the Sivas Congress determined the main points of the Misak-ı Millî (National Pact) that the Turkish National Movement made with other Turkish resistance movements against the Allies to work together, namely the imperial government in Constantinople. The two bodies signed the Amasya Protocol the next month on 22 October 1922, calling for new elections after which the Ottoman Chamber of Deputies would consider the agreements of the Sivas Congress. 

The ottoman Parliament met for the last time, from 12 January 1920 to 18 March 1929. On 28 January, it accepted the National Pact, formulated on the basis of the principles of the Erzurum and sivas Congresses. Thus, putting the parliament itself, on record, as expressing the will of the Turkish people, to regain full national integrity and independence.


Once word reached the occupying Allies in Constantinople, however, they dissolved the parliament, after which the remaining vestiges of the Ottoman imperial government would become antagonistic against the Turkish National Movement in Ankara. 



The building was originally a high school. It was built in 1892 by Mehmet Mazlum Bey, the governor of Sivas. Between 4 September–12 September 1919, the building was used by Turkish nationalists as a center for preparation of the Turkish War of Independence (see Sivas Congress). After the congress, Mustafa Kemal Pasha (later Atatürk) and his friends stayed in this building until 18 December 1919, when they left for Ankara. Following their departure, the building returned to its former roll as a high school. In 1930, the building underwent a renovation. In 1984, the building was acquired by the Ministry of Culture. Following a restoration period, it was opened as the Museum of Congress in 1990. 

In Memoriam | Aram Gülyüz (1931-2018)

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Mavi Boncuk |

Aram Gulyuz, a Turkish-Armenian director who produced over 200 feature movies, has died September 1, 2018 in Istanbul at age 87. He was born in the city’s Sisli district in April 13, 1931.

Aram Gülyüz, “the most prolific director and the biggest tease of Yeşilçam” worked in London in his youth before stationing in Korea during the war working as a translator. Gülyüz founded Metro Film 1958 and began filmmaking in 1958 with money borrowed from his mother and established a production company. His first production was İstanbul Macerası | Inshalla, Razzia am Bosporus (1958), a joint Turkish-German production (Metro Film Istanbul, Theumer Filmproduktion)directed and acted by Carl Möhner[1]. He was the author of Istanbul Adventure.The first films he directed, which he also wrote, were Sensiz Yıllar (1960) and Aşk ve Yumruk (1961) which brought him mainstream success.

Aram Gülyüz directed films in almost every genre from child star Ayşecik franchise to remakes of American films, to adventures and detective stories, and to musicals and erotic films as well as TV series, and video films. Some of the names who praised Gülyüz are: director Yılmaz Atadeniz, “the most skilled and practical director I’ve ever seen,” actress Ayla Algan, “he made me love comedy and taught me how to do it,” and actor Ediz Hun, “he knows how to get the best performance from an actor.”


Directors like Fevzi Tuna, Erdoğan Tokatlı, and Temel Gürsu worked as assistant directors to Gülyüz. He is the first director to shoot with sound in Turkish cinema and cites Alfred Hitchcock, Blake Edwards, Billy Wilder, and “above all Woody Allen, who satirises all things serious,” as inspiring him in his directorial style. He directed 140 films including Sokakların Kanunu / Street Law (1964), Ölüm Çemberi (1965), The Man with the Golden Arm (1966), Black Car (1966), In the Name of Law (1968), the first-ever Lucky Luke film Red Kit (1970), White Butterflies (1971), Lieutenant’s Daughter (1968) and most recently Time Machine 1973 (2017).

 [1] Carl Martin Rudolf Möhner (11 August 1921 – 14 January 2005) was an Austrian film actor. He appeared in more than 40 films between 1949 and 1976. He was born in Vienna, Austria, and died in McAllen, Texas from Parkinson's disease. His most famous role was as Ernst Lindemann, Captain of the Bismarck in the 1960 film Sink the Bismarck! opposite Kenneth More.

EU Watch | MAM Circulates

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Mavi Boncuk |  Free movement of workers is a fundamental principle of the Treaty enshrined in Article 45 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and developed by EU secondary legislation and the Case law of the Court of Justice.

EU Watch | MAM Needs More Steps

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Mavi Boncuk | 

The Helsinki European Council of December 1999 granted the status of candidate country to Turkey. European Council of December 2004 confirmed that Turkey fulfils the Copenhagen political criteria which are a prerequisite for opening of the accession negotiations with Turkey.

As agreed at the European Council in December 2004, accession negotiations have been launched on October 3, 2005 with the adoption of the Negotiation Framework by the Council of the European Union. "Negotiation Framework Document" takes account of the experience of fifth enlargement process and of the evolving acquis. The framework includes the principles governing the negotiations, the substance of negotiations, negotiating procedures and list of negotiation chapter headings.

Venice Bienale Film 2018 | Alfonso and Mahmut

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Alfonso Cuaron’s black-and-white Mexican drama Roma has scooped the Golden Lion at the 75th Venice Film Festival. This is the first movie from Netflix to take such an honor at a major festival, and the second movie in a row from a Mexican filmmaker to win here. Last year, Guillermo del Toro’s Golden Lion winner, The Shape Of Water, went all the way to a Best Picture Oscar.

Turlish moment of pride comes with Mahmut Fazil Coskun film "The Announcement" 

in the Orrizonti/Horizons Competition

Mavi Boncuk | 

HORIZONS
Best Film:Manta Ray, dir: Phuttiphong Aroonpheng
Best Director: Ozen (The River), dir: Emir Baigazin

Special Jury Prize Anons (The Announcement), dir: Mahmut Fazil Coskun[1] 
See INTERVIEW  | See TRAILER

In official press materials, director Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun explained that the film “is a story of a clash and a unity of two different parts; soldiers and civilians, who read and understand the world and the life from two different perspectives. …When I came up with an idea of a film out of this story, I thought I will not be able to find a better story that I can express all these oddness and contradictions which are hard to understand at first glance. I have never had an intention to be a side or to judge what’s been going on.” 

The film is based on actual events, though Coşkun also explained, “I am not a historian. Even though the story of the film is familiar with some other real life stories, I wanted to write my own story and tried to see how I can see the past independently of official or unofficial history. My aim in the story is to express the absolute power of the streets and the life following the process of the announcement of a coup without being a supporter or an opponent of it.”

THE ANNOUNCEMENT
by Mahmut Fazil Coskun

synopsis May 22nd, 1963. Unhappy with the existing social and political situation in Turkey, a group of military officers has planned a coup d’état to take down the government in Ankara. Meanwhile in Istanbul, their co-conspirators have undertaken the vital mission of taking over the National Radio station and making a formal announcement about the coup. But nothing goes to plan. Faced with a number of obstacles, including a sudden rainstorm, the absence of the radio station technician, a betrayal, the lack of feedback from Ankara and their own inefficiency, the conspirators scramble to keep their plan on track and announce the success of the coup – that is, if the coup in the capital has taken place at all. Based on actual events and told over the course of a single night, Anons is a wry commentary on Turkey’s uneasy political past – and present. Biting political satire meets subtle comedy in a film that highlights the absurdity of its story without ever being anything less than dead serious.

international title: The Announcement
original title: Anons
country: Turkey, Bulgaria
sales agent: Heretic Outreach
year: 2018
genre: fiction
directed by: Mahmut Fazil Coskun[1]
film run:95'
screenplay: Mahmut Fazil Coskun, Ercan Kesal
cast:Ali Seckiner Alici, Tarhan Karagöz, Murat Kiliç, Sencan Güleryüz
cinematography by: Krum Rodrigues
film editing: Cicek Kahraman
art director: László Rajk
costumes designer: Zehra Tuba Atac
music: Okan Kaya
producer: Halil Kardas, Tarik Tufan, Borislav Chouchkov
production: Filmotto Production, BKM, Chouchkov Brothers

VENICE 2018 Orizzonti

Review: The Announcement by Kaleem Aftab

03/09/2018 - VENICE 2018: Turkish director Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun presents a blistering deadpan comedy about a failed military coup attempt in Turkey

Review: The Announcement

With his third film, playing in the Orizzonti competition at the Venice Film Festival, Turkish director Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun announces himself as a major film talent. Such is the strength of The Announcement that there will inevitably be comparisons with deadpan comedy masters, such as Roy Andersson, Aki Kaurismäki and the Coen brothers. Coşkun deserves to be in their company.


It is the small obstacles that become the big barriers for a group of army officers who plan on reading out a statement at an Istanbul radio station that a military coup is taking place in Ankara. This is an unhurried comedy film that reveals itself slowly. The movie starts off with a medical examination, which only makes sense later on in the picture. Throughout the film, Coşkun shows that he understands the increasingly little-practised art of the slow burn before landing an unexpected payoff where pathos and comedy are bedfellows.

We then jump into the main story proper, as a taxi driver (Mehmet Yilmaz Ak) picks up two men, Reha (Ali Seckiner Alici) and Sinasi (Tarhan Karagoz), whose glances suggest something is amiss. As they meet with other friends Kemal (Murat Kilic), Nazif (Nazmi Kirik) and Rifat (Sencan Guleryuz), it becomes clear that they are taking part in a coup attempt. The director has taken the real-life event of a failed coup on 22 May 1963 and imagined a group of men whose ability to execute the plan is as half-baked as The Ladykillers’ attempt to rob Mrs Wilberforce’s house in Kings Cross. 

There is so much to praise about the film, from the impressive production design by László Rajk – who has also done some immaculate period work on László Nemes’ Venice competition entry Sunset [+] – which gives the film a heightened noir quality, to the framing by cameraman Krum Rodriguez that peers through the doors of bread carts and is backed up by the use of third space. In addition, Rifat’s ability to sing the North Korean national anthem provides one of a number of quirky moments that populate the film, infusing it with comedy.

While watching, it’s almost inevitable that we will be looking for clues as to whether this story is actually a treatise on the failed attempt by the military to topple the current Erdogan administration in Turkey. But this wonderful comedy is sufficiently ambiguous to allow for many interpretations, and the important point is that this Turkish-Bulgarian production always remains entertaining.

[1] Turkish director Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun made his first fiction film, Wrong Rosary, in 2009, for which he won several national and international awards, including International Film Festival Rotterdam’s Tiger Award and the İstanbul Film Festival’s Best Director Award. His second film, Yozgat Blues, was finished in 2013 and premiered at the San Sebastián Film Festival. His new effort, The Announcement competed in the Orizzonti section of the 2018 Venice Film Festival.


55th International Antalya Film Festival | Competition Films

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Mavi Boncuk |

Films to compete in the 55th International Antalya Film Festival this year are announced. 8 international and 2 national important films with take place in the international competition category that will host the best of the world cinema. The films added to the competition list prepared by Mike Downey, the Artistic Director of the festival to take place between September 29 and October 5, are as follows:



Hirokazu Koreeda - Shoplifters

Alvaro Brechner - A-Twelve-Years-Night

Pawel Pawlikowski - Cold War

Nadine Labaki - Capernaum

Sergey Dvortsevoy - Ayka

Derek Doneen - Kailash

Cristine Gallego and Ciro Guerra - Birds of Passage

Jafar Panahi - Three Faces

Mustafa Karadeniz - Planetree[1]

Sefa Öztürk Çolak - Trust[2]


Plane Tree - (Çınar)  2017 /Turkey/ 94’ / color 


[1] Director Mustafa Karadeniz
Production Çınar Film, Visual Focus Film Works & Entertainment
Contact Orhan Koçak
+90 532 244 3326 orhanvfocusfilm@gmail.com
Berlin European Film Market (EFM) 2018

Mustafa lives in an inherited two-room house in a poor, out-of-the-way village in Kars, an area of northeastern Turkey with long, savage winters. He and his wife, Suna, have a disabled son, Rıza, who is unable to walk. He works as a driver for a public corporation in the nearest town, but has to ride there on horseback every day because the roads are so bad.

One day, when Suna is carrying Rıza the long distance to school, she is hit by a minibus driv- ing past at high speed. Both mother and child are taken to hospital, but are lucky to have no serious injuries. During a series of routine tests, however, it turns out that Rıza’s blood type doesn’t match that of either parent. Subse- quent investigations reveal that Rıza was mixed up with another baby born at the hospital the same day. Suna and Mustafa are now faced with a momentous decision: should they swap their foster son for their birth son?

Mustafa Karadeniz (1979) is a graduate in film and television studies and has worked in the film indus- try for 15 years. He began his career as a production assistant on feature films and television series and has since directed and produced numerous televi- sion commercials and music videos. Plane Tree is his directorial debut.



Trust (Güven) 2017 / Turkey / 90' / color 




[2] Trust (Güven). 2017 / Drama / 90. Director. Sefa Öztürk Çolak. Cast. Bülent Çolak, Gözde Çıhacı, Ahmet Kaynak Producer. Serkan Acar. Production Company. FilmFabrik.Winning the 2017 Antalya Film Forum Work in Progress Award, 

Sefa Öztürk Çolak directed and wrote "Trust," a thriller about the individual and family. 

Sefa Öztürk Çolak was born in Düzce, Turkey in 1980. After finishing high school in Düzce, she graduated from Yıldız Technical University with a degree in civil engineering in 2002. Passing on work in the field of construction, she instead worked as a journalist, television programmer and editor. She later worked as an assistant director on cinema and various television shows. She is married and have one child.

Malatya International Film Platform

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Feature Film Competition Jury will be headed by well known Turkish film director Nuri Bilge Ceylan. The festival will hand out Lifetime Achievement awards to director Osman Sınav and actors Şener Şen and Perran Kutman. 

Mavi Boncuk | 

After launching the National Film Platform last year, the 8th Malatya International Film Festival now launches the Malatya International Film Platform. The platform will be held in collaboration with Azerbaijan this year, and three projects will each receive the “Screenplay Development Award” worth 30,000 TL. The submissions for the Malatya International Film Platform, which will be co-held by Turkey and Azerbaijan, are now open. The submissions will be accepted via malatyafilmfest.org.tr until October 15, 2018.

Word Origin | Bardak, Sürahi

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Mavi Boncuk |

Bardak : cup, mug glass EN [1] oldTR bart su içilen kap +Ak. Oldest Source: "testi, sürahi" [ Mukaddimetü'l-Edeb (1300 yılından önce) : dıḳaçlu bardak yā süzeklü ] [ Codex Cumanicus (1300) ]

Sürahi:  pitcher, jug, carafe EN [2] .fromAR ṣurāḥ صراح  şeffaf, kristal → sarahat
Oldest Source:  ṣurāḥi [ Dede Korkut Kitabı (1400 yılından önce) : seksen yerde badyalar kurılmışıdı, altun ayak ṣurāḥiler dizilmişidi ]


[1] cup (n.) "small vessel used to contain liquids generally; drinking vessel," Old English cuppe, Old Northumbrian copp, from Late Latin cuppa "cup" (source of Italian coppa, Spanish copa, Old French coupe "cup"), from Latin cupa "tub, cask, tun, barrel," which is thought to be cognate with Sanskrit kupah "hollow, pit, cave," Greek kype "gap, hole; a kind of ship," Old Church Slavonic kupu, Lithuanian kaupas "heap," Old Norse hufr "ship's hull," Old English hyf "beehive." De Vaan writes that all probably are from "a non-IE loanword *kup- which was borrowed by and from many languages."

The Late Latin word was borrowed throughout Germanic: Old Frisian kopp "cup, head," Middle Low German kopp "cup," Middle Dutch coppe, Dutch kopje "cup, head." German cognate Kopf now means exclusively "head" (compare French tête, from Latin testa "potsherd").

Used of any thing with the shape of a cup by c. 1400; sense of "quantity contained in a cup" is from late 14c. Meaning "part of a bra that holds a breast" is from 1938. Sense of "cup-shaped metal vessel offered as a prize in sport or games" is from 1640s. Sense of "suffering to be endured" (late 14c.) is a biblical image (Matthew xx.22, xxvi.39) on the notion of "something to be partaken of."

To be in one's cups "intoxicated" is from 1610s (Middle English had cup-shoten "drunk, drunken," mid-14c.). [One's] cup of tea "what interests one" is by 1932, earlier used of persons (1908), the sense being "what is invigorating." Cup-bearer "attendant at a feast who conveys wine or other liquor to guests" is from early 15c.

mug (n) "drinking vessel," 1560s, "bowl, pot, jug," of unknown origin, perhaps from Scandinavian (compare Swedish mugg "mug, jug," Norwegian mugge "pitcher, open can for warm drinks"), or Low German mokke, mukke "mug," also of unknown origin.

glass (n.) Old English glæs "glass; a glass vessel," from Proto-Germanic *glasam "glass" (source also of Old Saxon glas, Middle Dutch and Dutch glas, German Glas, Old Norse gler "glass, looking glass," Danish glar), from PIE root *ghel- (2) "to shine," with derivatives denoting bright colors or materials. The PIE root also is the ancestor of widespread words for gray, blue, green, and yellow, such as Old English glær "amber," Latin glaesum "amber" (which might be from Germanic), Old Irish glass "green, blue, gray," Welsh glas "blue."

Restricted sense of "drinking glass" is from early 13c. and now excludes other glass vessels. Meaning "a glass mirror" is from 14c. Meaning "glass filled with running sand to measure time" is from 1550s; meaning "observing instrument" is from 1610s.

[2] pitcher (n.) "earthen jug," c. 1200, from Old French pichier (12c.), altered from bichier, from Medieval Latin bicarium, probably from Greek bikos "earthen vessel" (see beaker). Pitcher-plant is recorded from 1819; so called for its resemblance. Generally a pitcher also has a handle, which makes pouring easier. An ewer is a vase-shaped pitcher, often decorated, with a base and a flaring spout, though the word is now unusual in informal English describing ordinary domestic vessels.

jug (n.) "deep vessel for carrying liquids, usually with a handle or ear," late 15c., jugge, variant of jubbe (late 14c.), a word of unknown origin. Perhaps it is from jug "a low woman, a maidservant" (mid-16c.), a familiar alteration of Jug, a common personal name such as Joan or Judith.

Use as a musical instrument is attested from 1886 in jug-band (American English) "musical ensemble in which the bass line is carried or augmented by a player blowing on the open lip of a jug. "As a quantity of ale or beer, a jug is usually a pint" [Century Dictionary, 1902].

carafe (n.)
"glass water-bottle or decanter," 1786, from French carafe (17c.), from Italian caraffa (or Spanish garrafa), probably from Arabic gharraf "drinking cup," or Persian qarabah "a large flagon."

Ottoman Metrology

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The first Turkish publication on the metric system had appeared in Cairo  in 1836 in a translated French geometry  textbook. The work was translated by  an  Istanbul trained  artillery  officer  Ibrahim  Adham,  Mehmed  Ali’s  chief  education  administrator,  keen  Saint Simonian  reformer  and  head  of  Egypt’s  1845 weights and measures commission (Crozet 2008, 72, 423M4; Régnier 1989,  101;  Alleaume,  1989,  126)

See also:
Günergun, Ferza. 1992. “Introduction of the Metric System to the Ottoman State.” In Transfer)of)Modern)Science)and)Technology)to)the)Muslim)World, edited by Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, 297M316. Istanbul: IRCICA. 

Günergun, Ferza. 1996. “Standardization in Ottoman Turkey.” In Introduction)of) Modern)Science)and)Technology)to)Turkey)and)Japan, edited by Ferza Günergun and Kuriyama Shigehisha, 205M225. Istanbul: International Centre for Japanese studies.



Mavi Boncuk | Ottoman Metrology[1]


ABSTRACT



The Ottoman state did not have a single metrological system comprising the whole empire. Different measurements and scales were used in each province and sanjak. It was not possible to bring them to a certain standard since the provinces had been conquered at different times and the empire was spread over a very wide geography. The Ottomans nevertheless accepted certain weight and length measurements as the standard unit, and transactions were carried out by comparing the measurements and scales in each state with these standards. For example, kile (bushel), which is a grain measurement, was a unit of measurement that expresses different weights in each region. However, the state had accepted the Istanbul bushel as the basic unit of measurement and expressed the locally used ones by converting them to the Istanbul bushel. The weight, liquid and length measurements used in the Rumelia Sanjaks were very different from each other. Since it had been used locally before the Ottoman Empire, the state did not abolish them, but tried to explain it with the measurements accepted by the state in the Provincial Administration Regulations. These measurements, which were sometimes referred to by special names and sometimes by the name of the region in which it was used, occupy an important place within the Ottoman metrology. 



See: 
OSMANLI DÖNEMİ BALKAN EKONOMİSİ | THE ECONOMY OF THE BALKANS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ERA Article | RUMELİ SANCAKLARINDA ÖLÇÜLER VE TARTILAR | Measurements and Scales in Rumeli Sanjaks | Mehmet Ali ÜNAL | * (Prof. Dr.); Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, Denizli, Türkiye, e-mail: maunal@pau.edu.tr


See Also:

Introduction to Ottoman Metrology - Halil İnalcık



Inalcik,  Halil.  1983.  “Introduction  to  Ottoman  Metrology,”  (Turcica)15:311M348

Sinan's Arşin: A Survey of Ottoman Architectural Metrology 


Yerasimos,  Stéphane.  2005.  “Mesures  d’Espace  Ottomanes.”  In  La)Juste)Mesure:) Quantifier,)Évaluer,)Mesurer)entre)Orient)et)Occident)(VIIIe)– XVIIIe)siècle),  edited   by  Laurence  Moulinier,  Line  Sallmann,  Catherine  Verna  and  Nicolas  WeillMParot,   49M56. SaintMDenis:  Presses  Universitaires  de  Vincennes.

Ottoman  Measures of Weight


• Arpa • Bakray • Batman • Buğday • Çeki • Denk • Dirhem • Dirhemi şer'i • Dünük • Fitil • Habbe • Hardal Tanesi • Kantar • Kırat • Kıyye • Kıtmir • Ludre • Misgal (Miskal) • Nakir • Okka • Pirinç • Tonilato • Zerre


1 Buğday (1/4 kırat) 0,05011 gr
1 zerre = 0,0015625 gr
1 kıtmir = 0,003125 gr
1 nekir (nakir) = 0,00625 gr
1 fitil = 0,0125 gr
1 bakray =0,05 gr
1kırat = 0,200046 gr
1 dünük (denk) = 0,80175 gr
1 Kıyye 1,282 kg.
1 dirhem = 3,2073625 gr
1 miskal = 4,8105 gr
1 ludre = 563,2 gr
1 okka (kıyye) = 1 282 gr (1,282 kg)
1 batman = 7 544 gr (7,544 kg)
1 kantar = 56 320 gr (56,320 kg)
1 çeki = 225 798 gr (225,798 kg)
1 tonalito = 1 000 000 gr (1 000 kg)


Ottoman Measures of Length

1 parmak = 12 hat = 0,03157 m 
1 hat = 12 nokta = 0,00263 m 
1 nokta = 0,00022 m 
1 kulaç = 2,5 zirai =1,895 m (rope, depth of  well, pit, shaft) 
1 kara mili = 2500 zirai = 1895 m (land travel) 
1 fersah = 3 mil = 7500 zirai = 5685 m 
1 berid (menzil) = 4 fersah = 12 mil = 30900 arşın = 22740 m 
1 merhale = 2 berid = 45480 m 
1 çarşı arşını = 8 rubu (urup) = 0,680 m (fabric) 
1 rubu = 2 kirah = 0,085 m 
1 kirah = 0,0425 m 
1 endaze = 8 rubu (urup) = 0,650 m (silk fabric) 


Ottoman Measures of Architecture

1 zirai mimari = zirai = mimari arşını = 2 ayak (kadem) = 0,75774 m = 24 parmak = 288 hat = 3456 nokta
(for architecture and roads) 1 Arşın (Zira) 0,757738 mt.
1 Parmak (1/24 zira) 0,031572 mt.
1 Hat (1/12 parmak) 0,002631 mt.
1 Nokta (1/12 hat) 0,000219 mt.


Ottoman Measures of Market

1 Arşın 0,6858 mt.
1 Rub (urub) 0,0857 mt. (1/8 Arşın)
1 Kerrab (Kirâh) 0,0428 mt. (1/16 Arşın)
1 Endaze 0,6525 mt


Ottoman Measures of Length (reversed)

1 m = 1,319261 zirai = 1 zirai + 7 parmak + 7 hat + 10,8 nokta = 31,656 parmak 
1 m = 0,5130740 kulaç = 3 ayak + 11,296 hat 
1 km = 0,5276 mil 
1 m = 1,470588 arşın = 1 arşın + 3 rubu +1,5 kirah 
1 m = 1,538462 endaze = 1 endaze + 4 rubu + 0,6 kirah 


Ottoman Measures of Area


1 Hektar = ( 11 Dönüm ) = 10.105,337 m2 = ( 17.600 zirakare ) 
1 Dönüm = ( 4 Evlek ) = 918,667 m2 = ( 1.600 zirakare ) = ( 40 x 40 zira )
1 Evlek = 229,666 m2 = ( 400 zirakare ) = ( 20 x 20 zira )
1 Zirakare= 0,57416 m2

1 eski dönüm | dunam (old)= 919 m2 (9,890 sq ft)
1 büyük dönüm | dunam (big) = 2,720 m2 (29,300 sq ft)



Ottoman Measures of Volume

1kutu (god, kot, godik) = 4,625 lt (1/8 kile)
1 şinik (peck) = 9,25 lt (varies regionally)
1 kile (bushel) (İstanbul kilesi) = 4 şinik = 37 lt ( always 4 şinik  and varies regionally)

Ottoman Measures of Volumetric Flow

Hilal0.6526 L/min 
Çuvaldız = 1.125 L/min
Masura =4.5 L/min
Kamış =9 L/min
Lüle= 36 L/min

[1] Metrology is the science of measurement. It establishes a common understanding of units, crucial in linking human activities. Modern metrology has its roots in the French Revolution's political motivation to standardise units in France, when a length standard taken from a natural source was proposed. This led to the creation of the decimal-based metric system in 1795, establishing a set of standards for other types of measurements. Several other countries adopted the metric system between 1795 and 1875; to ensure conformity between the countries, the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was established by the Metre Convention.This has evolved into the International System of Units (SI) as a result of a resolution at the 11th Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) in 1960. 

EU Watch | MAM Hates Economic War

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Mavi Boncuk | Rising trade tensions between the United States and the rest of the world could cost the global economy $430bn

Sultan's Chelengk | Nelson’s Lost Jewel

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Pop-Up Nelson Exhibition

Alongside our recently discovered portrait of Vice-Admiral Lord Nelson, Philip Mould & Co. are delighted to be exhibiting a dazzling replica of the Nelson's lost Chelengk jewel from 14 - 16th November 2017.

A replica - made in diamond and enamel, and a clockwork mechanism - has recently been completed and will be exhibited alongside Guzzardi's portrait of Nelson, in which he is depicted wearing the Chelengk prominently fixed to his admiral's hat. The jewel will be displayed on an exact replica of Nelson’s bicorne hat, made to his specifications by Lock & Co. Hatters of St James’s, who made the original in 1800.

The diamond chelengk given to Lord Nelson by Ottoman Sultan Selim III of Turkey. 


Mavi Boncuk |

“Nelson’s Lost Jewel,” by Martyn Downer

Hardcover: 288 pages
Publisher: The History Press (February 1, 2018)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0750968303

ISBN-13: 978-0750968300

The beautiful jewel, which was encrusted with over 300 diamonds, became synonymous with high fashion in the late 1700s with English high society wearing designs inspired by the sultan’s gift. The original chelengk was stolen in 1951 and lost forever. Following Nelson’s triumph at the Battle of the Nile, he was presented with an extraordinary diamond jewel by the Sultan of Turkey. 

The chelengk was the Ottomans’ highest reward for gallantry and Nelson the first non-Muslim recipient. He adopted it in his coat of arms and theatrically wore the chelengk on his hat. Breathlessly discussed in the gossip press and depicted in portraits and caricatures, it provoked both ridicule and awe in 18th-century England. 

This is the remarkable story of one of the most famous jewels in British history, and its journey from Constantinople to London. The chelengk's eventful descent in Nelson’s family ended with its sale by auction in 1895. Secured for the nation by public appeal, it passed to the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich from where it was stolen in 1951, never to be seen again. The author turns detective in the hope of finally tracking it down. 

The thief, a notorious cat burglar called George ‘Taters’ Chatham[*]– an underworld associate of Eddie Chapman[**], aka Agent Zigzag, and the Great Train Robber Bruce Reynolds – who preyed on museums, later claimed the jewel was immediately broken up for its diamonds. This precious sliver of history was lost forever.

[*] The 1997 death of George "Taters" Chatham, safecracker, armed robber and cat burglar extraordinaire, marks the end of a criminal career which now seems as romantically archaic as that of Dick Turpin. Chatham was born in Fulham, south-west London, in 1912 and aspired to a career as a professional footballer before professional crime staked its claim. 

Specialising in furs, works of art and jewellery, his 60-year career gleaned an estimated pounds 100m in pillage, not to mention 35 years' imprisonment. In 1948, what was to prove a long-term relationship with the Victoria and Albert Museum first blossomed when he stole the Duke of Wellington's ceremonial swords. 


These were encrusted with emeralds and diamonds, and would be valued today in the region of pounds 5m, but to Taters they represented little more than stake money. He reputedly called a bet at a gaming table by prising a stone from the hilt of one of the weapons. 

Chatham, like many burglars of his era, despised gangsters who he considered to be "thieves' ponces", feeding upon the risks taken by thieves. He was an independent operator who, before his gambling habit drove him to foolhardy risk- taking, researched his targets via Burke's Peerage, Country Life and the Tatler. He also cultivated informants such as insurance clerks and blue-bloods with intimate knowledge of the treasures of Belgravia, Mayfair and Regent's Park. What his colleague Peter Scott described as "just George with a bit of wire and a knowledge of how to bend glass doors", was often described by the media as an "international art gang". Chat- ham was a relentless, skilled and fearless thief, with a unique and educated eye for plunder.MORE

[**] Edward Arnold Chapman (16 November 1914 – 11 December 1997) was an English criminal and wartime spy. During the Second World War he offered his services to Nazi Germany as a spy and subsequently became a British double agent. His British Secret Service handlers codenamed him Zigzag in acknowledgement of his rather erratic personal history. He had a number of criminal aliases known by the British police, amongst them Edward Edwards, Arnold Thompson and Edward Simpson. His German codename was Fritz or, later, after endearing himself to his German contacts, its diminutive form of Fritzchen.






The bust-length portrait, re-discovered by Philip Mould & Co., is a missing work painted in Italy in 1799 by Leonardo Guzzardi (active 1798-1800), a Neapolitan artist who captured the admiral in a series of vivid portraits six years before the fateful battle of Trafalgar.
The image is a painfully honest portrayal of the naval hero following the recent amputation of his arm, the loss of sight in one eye, and the severe head wound at the battle of the Nile just weeks before which forced him to wear his hat thrust back to lessen the pain. The wound, and his subsequent concussion, has been blamed for altering Nelson’s behaviour in the months which followed when he assisted in the brutal suppression of revolt at Naples and embarked on his passionate affair with Emma, Lady Hamilton.
The artist, unaffected by the adoration of Nelson’s later portraits, did not hold back from expressing the emaciated and battle-worn figure presented to him, although part of the livid head wound he depicted was later hidden beneath overpaint in an attempt to improve the image of the hero .

High Honour for Nelson from the Caliph
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE set out for Egypt with a manpower of some 55,000, and 1,000 pieces of field artillery in May 1799. “Because it was there” was the reason he gave for invading Egypt, but undoubtedly it was because Egypt was the route to India. The 30 year old General had dismissed a direct invasion of England as impossible due to the logistical problems of supplying an invading army across the Channel. India was an alternative way of attacking the British directly.
Napoleon read from his travelling library from the quarterdecks of the French flagship L’Orient, during his sea journey across the Mediterranean to Egypt. He read the Bible, and a translation of the Qur’an. These were catalogued in his library under Politics! Napoleon’s vastly superior forces walked into Cairo almost unopposed by the Mamluk troops, who fled to Upper Egypt to continue their futile skirmishes against the French.

The first four months of Napoleon’s occupation were peaceful enough as he was careful how he dealt with the local populace. He even donated 300 French Riyals to Sheikh Al-Bakri at the Al-Azhar University towards the celebration of the mawlood, or Prophet’s Birthday. This tactic was soon to change though.

General Abdulla Jaques Meno
Cairo’s famous Al-Azhar, older even than Oxford or Cambridge, was, and still is, a centre of Islamic academic excellence. Its Sheikh’s and Imam’s tried daily in vain to reason with Bonaparte, and even called him to accept the faith of Islam ascribing him the name “Ali” . They went as far to say that if he accepted Islam, they would not oppose him as their ruler. They even guaranteed that there would be no further uprisings by the Egyptians against him. Napoleon toyed with the idea, after all, one of his most senior and trusted Generals, Jacques Menou, had converted to Islam going by the name ‘Abdullah Jacques Menou’ and had found acceptance with the local population as a result. He slept on the offer, but the next morning his response was to execute 20 Al- Azhari Sheikhs and a number of leading Christian and Jewish residents of Cairo, as an example to those who may consider further revolts against him.
The local Egyptian populace looked on in horror as French troops billeted on the banks of the Nile ran amok in the streets of narrow alley ways of Egypt’s ancient capital. Often drunk, they used heavy violence against any civilian who protested, as they broke into homes to take what they fancied, and defile the women. The bloom was off the ‘liberation’. Nobody was safe or spared these excesses against the various communities living in Cairo.
Whilst these troops plundered Cairo, Napoleon marched north with the remainder of his army, to seek glory in an attempt to conquer Damascus. He took Jaffa easily enough, and the four thousand prisoners, who had been promised their lives upon surrendering to the French, were marched before Napoleon’s tent. He asked peevishly, “What am I supposed to do with them?” They were herded to the beach and slaughtered in the surf. “What am I supposed to do with them?”
THE CALIPH-SULTAN SELIM III conferred with his Sheikh ul-Islam as soon as the invasion of Egypt was known, and had called upon “all true believers to take arms against those swinish infidels the French, that they might deliver these blessed habitations from their accursed hands;” and who had ordered his “pashas to turn night into day in their efforts to take vengeance.” Admiral Horatio Nelson had been cruising the Mediterranean for three months looking for the French fleet which supplied Napoleon’s army in these Muslim lands, and by chance, hit upon it in the bay of Abu Kir off the coast of Alexandria in the beginning of August that year.
His Captains and Commanders were summoned for a briefing on their plan of attack against the French fleet, and he described how they would sail straight into, and through the line of French ships anchored in Abu Kir Bay “Nelson fashion” to cut them in half and destroy them. This daring tactic had never been used before and defied all normal Naval warfare practices. They all understood well that if the French navy was destroyed, Napoleon’s activities in Muslim lands were finished, as without his navy he could not possibly supply or move his army, and surrender would have to follow.
The battle lasted for two days, and Nelson’s fleet sank 13 ships including the French flagship L’Orient which exploded causing massive casualties amongst the French. British sailors fished many wounded French sailors from the water feeling great pity for them and their suffering. One of those saved from drowning by British sailors was a young Albanian called Mohammed Ali, later to become the new ruler of Egypt and create a dynasty that lasted into the 20th century, but this is another story. Napoleon was cut off, and it was only a matter of time before his army in Egypt had no choice but to surrender to the British. Napoleon made his escape on a yacht he kept moored in the Nile to fight on another day.
The celenk
Honours in profusion were awaiting Nelson at Naples, where he rested after the battle. Even the strangely natured Russian Czar Paul, presented him with his portrait, set in diamonds, in a gold box, accompanied with a letter of congratulation, written by his own hand. The king of Sardinia also wrote to him, and sent a gold box set with diamonds.
When news reached Istanbul and the ears of the Sultan-Caliph Selim III of Nelson’s victory and the deliverance of his subjects in Egypt from the French despot, there were joyous celebrations through out all Muslim lands. The Sultan listened to a detailed account of Nelson’s action and subsequent victory, and when he heard how 13 French ships had been destroyed in battle, he gave praise and thanks to Allah.
Sultans were accustomed to wearing a broach in their turbans of precious stones, often in the form of a diamond aigrette, and in Turkish, called a Çelenk (pronounced chelenk), or ‘Plume of Honour’. Sultan Selim wore a broach consisting of 40 perfectly matched Brazilian diamonds radiating as 13 sprays, from a large central diamond which was set on a very fine watch mechanism to cause it to rotate slowly with dazzling effect as it caught the light. The 13 sprays were coincidentally the same number of ships Nelson had sunk at Abu Kir. The Sultan removed the broach from his turban on hearing the account of the battle, and ordered it to be sent with other gifts to Nelson as a mark of his high esteem for the Admiral. His court were astonished, and his own Ottoman Admirals felt snubbed, as never before had this highest honour from any Sultan been given to a non-Muslim.
The presents of “his imperial majesty, the powerful, formidable, and most magnificent Grand Seignior,” was the first of many to be received by Nelson from various grateful heads of state inEurope for their deliverance from Napoleon.
Sultan Selim’s gifts also included a pelisse[1] of black sables, with broad sleeves, of great value, and various ceremonial swords. Even the Sultan’s Mother, the Valide Sultana, Mihrishah Gürcü, sent him a box, set with diamonds, valued at £1,000.
Nelson much valued the Çelenk bestowed upon him by the Sultan because it was “the most honourable badge amongst the Turks because it was taken from one of the royal turbans, and not merely for its worldly worth”.
“If it were worth a million,” said Nelson to his wife, “my pleasure would be to see it in your possession.” The Sultan also sent a purse of 2,000 sequins of gold, to be distributed among the wounded from the battle.[2]

So significant was this honour, bestowed upon Nelson by the Caliph and Sultan, that Nelson wrote first to his King, George III, for permission to accept them, as these gifts could be interpreted in some quarters that Nelson had in fact “turned Turk” i.e. accepted Islam, and was now in the employment of the Sultan himself.
King George III naturally gave his permission deeming the honours bestowed by Sultan Selim III, wholly appropriate. The King issued a warrant, permitting Nelson to accept the newly formed Imperial Order of the Crescent conferred upon him by the Sultan. It is dated the 20th of March 1802, and stored at the Royal College of Arms.
Nelson was granted a coat of arms by the king[3], and these honourable augmentations to his armorial ensign: a chief undulated, Argent: there on waves of the sea; from which a palm tree issuant, between a disabled ship on the dexter, and a ruinous battery on the sinister all proper; and for his crest, on a naval crown, or, the chelenk, or plume, presented to him by the Turk, with the motto, Palmam Qui Meruit Ferat. And to his supporters, being a sailor on the dexter, and a lion on the sinister, were given these honourable augmentations: a palm branch in the sailor’s hand, and another in the paw of the lion, both proper; with a tricoloured flag and staff in the lion’s mouth.
He was created Baron Nelson of the Nile, and of Burnham Thorpe, with a pension of £2000 for his own life, and those of his two immediate successors. When the grant was moved in the House of Commons, General Walpole expressed an opinion that a higher degree of rank ought to be conferred. Mr. Pitt made answer, that he thought it needless to enter into that question. “Admiral Nelson’s fame,” he said,”would be coequal with the British name; and it would be remembered that he had obtained the greatest naval victory on record, when no man would think of asking whether he had been created a baron, a viscount, or an earl.”
The Imperial Order of the Ottoman Crescent was awarded to other British Officers after Nelson, who was the first to receive the Order in August 1799. The Sultan also awarded this highest military honour to Generals Abercromby and Hutchinson for fighting the French on the plains of Egypt in 1801. Lord Hutchinson, Major General Sir Eyre Coote, Lord Keith, Sir Richard Bickerton, and several other military and naval officers of rank, have been invested with the insignia of the first class; and a great many British officers of subordinate rank have had the badge, assigned to the second class, conferred upon them.
In the Articles of Capitulation entered into with the Court of Denmark, on the 9th of April 1801, Lord Nelson described himself as “a Knight of the Imperial Order of the Ottoman Crescent”. When this news reached the ears of the Sultan, he was so highly pleased, that headded a ribbon and gold medal to the star for distinction. Nelson had acquired something of a reputation for vanity, and he embarrassed his fellow officers when ever he wore his cocked-hat with the diamond chelenk on ceremonial occasions, and they described him as more like a prince of the opera than the hero of the Nile. Caricaturists such as James Gillray made fun of Nelson’s desire to cover himself in medals and orders in public.
As every schoolboy knows, Nelson was shot by a French sniper at the Battle of Trafalgar and subsequently died of his wounds. This sombre notice of Nelson’s death at the Battle of Trafalgar in October 1805 reflects the grief of England. News of Nelson’s death stunned England, and King George III who disapproved of his private life “wept unashamedly”. An officer in the navy reported that men who had served with him were “useless for duty for days. Chaps that fought like the devil sit down and cry like a wench”. Cockneys and tradespeople throughout London drank to the passing of “our Nel”. His funeral procession down the River Thames was viewed by most of London, and the service held in St. Paul’s Cathedral where he is buried was spectacular and attended by 15,000 people, many of whom lingered on until the following day after the service.

[1] A pelisse was originally a short fur lined or fur trimmed jacket that was usually worn hanging loose over the left shoulder of hussar light cavalry soldiers, ostensibly to prevent sword cuts. The name was also applied to a fashionable style of woman's coat worn in the early 19th century.
[2] Four months after his victory at Aboukir, Nelson was presented with his precious gift. He was in Italy, helping protect Naples from attack by French forces while conducting an affair with the wife of Sir William Hamilton, the British envoy there.

A blacksmith’s daughter from Cheshire, former artist’s model and exotic dancer Emma Hamilton was a famous beauty whose appeal remained undimmed, even though she was then 33 and growing plump on wine.  Seven years Nelson’s junior, she did things in bed which, he exclaimed in a love letter, ‘no woman but yourself ever did’ and Fanny, his wife of ten years, stood little chance of winning him back. It was Emma who had first heard rumours of the Sultan’s lavish award for Nelson. He was then in Malta, fighting another campaign against the French, and she wrote to him that he was to receive ‘a feather for your hat of dymonds large and most magnificent’.

There was also talk of a pelice, a scarlet robe of honour made of the softest sable fur, and Emma burst with sensual anticipation at the thought of it on her naked skin.

‘How I shall look at it, smell it, taste it and touch it, put the pelice over my own shoulders, look in the glass and say . . . God bless the old Turk.’ The Sultan’s gifts were everything Emma hoped they would be and she took to wearing Nelson’s hat with its Chelengk in public, in bold defiance of propriety and naval etiquette.

Nelson was no less enamoured of his honours, missing no opportunity to show off the Chelengk and other medals awarded for his success at Aboukir and elsewhere. There was much comment on his bizarre appearance as he stooped beneath the weight of the jewels he wore wherever he went, with one diplomat’s wife declaring ‘there never was a man so vainglorious’.

See: Curse of Nelson's diamonds: Our sea hero's obsession with them led to his death 

[3] On top of this red bend was another Bend engrailed Or bearing three Bombs fired proper, given by the enthusiastic heralds of the day. This was augmented by A Chief undulated Argent thereon Waves of the sea from which issues a Palm tree between dexter a disabled Ship and sinister a ruined Battery all proper, given by the King to mark the Battle of the Nile. All this was within the circlet of the Order of the Bath with its motto ‘TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO’ – ‘Three joined in one’. He had supporters granted because of his membership of this Order: on the dexter side, A Sailor armed with a cutlass and a pair of pistols in his belt proper, the outer hand supporting a staff bearing a Commodore’s flag Gules; and on the sinister side, A Lion rampant reguardant proper, in his mouth a broken flagstaff bearing the Spanish flag Or and Gules. Further embellishments were piled on to this extravaganza, which was surmounted by a Viscount’s coronet. There were two crests: dexter, on a Naval Crown Or, the Chelengk or Plume of Triumph presented to him by the Grand Signior; and on the sinister, above a Peer’s helmet and a wreath of the colours, the stern of a Spanish Man of War proper inscribed thereon ‘San Josef’. ‘San Josef’ was the name of one of the battleships captured in the battle off Cape St. Vincent in 1797, when Nelson’s commander was Admiral Sir John Jervis. The ‘Grand Signior’ was the Sultan Selim III.



EU Watch | EURO 2024...Not Turkey but Germany... “Du gehst mir auf den Keks”

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Mavi Boncuk | Germany to host Euro 2024 after beating off competition from Turkey. This is Turkey’s fourth defeat in the past five Euro bidding races. It had been hoping to mark the republic’s 100th anniversary in 2024 by staging its first major international football tournament. 

Before announcing the winner, Uefa president Aleksander Ceferin said Germany and Turkey had made "very strong bids". 

After announcing the winner, he added: "The procedure was transparent. The voting was democratic. Every democratic decision is the right decision so I can only say I am looking forward to seeing a fantastic Euro in 2024."

The report added that Turkey's lack of an action plan in the area of human rights and limited hotel capacity in many cities were matters "of concern". It also labelled the scale of transport infrastructure work required "a risk".

However, it did say the Turkish bid was "in line with the long-term objectives of Uefa."




Word Origin | Rüküş, Lüks, Dandi, Zırtapoz, Dalavere

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Mavi Boncuk | 


Rüküş:   sıfat Gülünç bir biçimde giyinip süslenen (kadın) fromAR  ruḳşe; fromFR luxe gösteriş, gösterişli  Latin luxus, luxur- aşırılık, israf, tantana, debdebe , ratty adj. , chavette n. , tacky adj. tawdry adj. , frumpish adj. , dowdy adj.

"kadın kıyafetinde gülünç ve özenti" [ Cumhuriyet - gazete, 1939]
özenti şeklindeki rüküş baş tuvaletlerinden
 "ince, nazik (argo)" [ Osman Cemal Kaygılı, Argo Lugatı (1932) ]
"uyduruk, sahte"
"Sadece kasabanın adam çekiştirmesinden başka bir şey bilmeyen seviyesiz ve rüküş kadınlarını tenkit ediyordu." - R. N. Güntekin

Lüks:Lüks lüküs TR;Lux, luxury EN[1] [ İlan-ı Ticaret, 1923]
nihayetsiz bir itina ile hazırlanmış bir lüks içinde nefis bir ziyafet

Dandik: Düşük nitelikli, Düzmece Possibly from FR dandin [2] EN dandy[3] fazlaca nazik ve kibar kimse, phoney adj., of poor quality adj., lousy adj., poor-quality adj., dandik. Slang: cheesy, cheezy, shitty, rinky-dink, 

"uyduruk, sahte (argo)" [ Osman Cemal Kaygılı, Argo Lugatı, 1932]
dandik babı: İnce, nazik ve çapraşık his ve hayal meseleleri. [ Milliyet - gazete, 1985] 'dandik mühür' olarak bilinen, 'mühür satın alma' yolsuzluğu önlenecek

Zırtapoz: ; onom zırt +oz → zırt "delişmen, zıpır" TR; crazy adj. EN. Oldest source: [ Ahmet Vefik Paşa, Lugat-ı Osmani (1876) ]

Dalavere: gıllıgış, şike TR; trick[4] ,job, ruse[5], fiddle , hank panky ,intrigue, shtick, chicane[6], monkey business (noun) EN.

gıllıgış:  from AR ġill u ġişş غلّ و غشّ kin ve dalavere. Oldest source: [ Meninski, Thesaurus (1680) ]

şike: fromFR chiqué dalavereli, chiquer dalavere yapmak, tağşiş etmek .

Tarihte En Eski Kaynak

"bir spor karşılaşmasınının sonucunu önceden belirleme" [ c (1952) : Çünkü bu maç «şike» olsaydı, ikinci dakikada nakavtla bitmez, boksörler bunu son ravundlara bırakırlardı. ]

[1]luxury (n.) c. 1300, "sexual intercourse;[*]" mid-14c., "lasciviousness, sinful self-indulgence;" late 14c., "sensual pleasure," from Old French luxurie "debauchery, dissoluteness, lust" (12c., Modern French luxure), from Latin luxuria "excess, extravagant living, profusion; delicacy" (source also of Spanish lujuria, Italian lussuria), from luxus "excess, extravagance; magnificence," probably a figurative use of luxus (adj.) "dislocated," which is related to luctari "wrestle, strain" (see reluctance).

In Lat. and in the Rom. langs. the word connotes vicious indulgence, the neutral sense of the Eng. 'luxury' being expressed by L. luxus, F. luxe, Sp. lujo, It. lusso. [OED]

[*] The English word lost its pejorative taint 17c. Meaning "habit of indulgence in what is choice or costly" is from 1630s; that of "sumptuous surroundings" is from 1704; that of "something choice or comfortable beyond life's necessities" is from 1780. Used as an adjective from 1916.

[2] FR dandin m (plural dandins). buffoonidiot EN. Un grand dandin, un vrai dandin (Ac.1798-1878). Rem. Besch. 1845 atteste une forme fém. : quelle dandine. II.− Emploi adj., rare. Niais, emprunté. Cette faveur enchantait l'aristocrate qui se mit à prodiguer mille politesses dandines (Esparbès, Guerre sabots,1914, p. 60).

[3] The origin of the word is uncertain. Eccentricity, defined as taking characteristics such as dress and appearance to extremes, began to be applied generally to human behavior in the 1770s; similarly, the word dandy first appears in the late 18th century: In the years immediately preceding the American Revolution, the first verse and chorus of "Yankee Doodle" derided the alleged poverty and rough manners of American-citizen colonists, suggesting that whereas a fine horse and gold-braided clothing ("mac[c]aroni") were required to set a dandy apart from those around him, the average American-citizen colonists means were so meager that ownership of a mere pony and a few feathers for personal ornamentation would qualify one of them as a "dandy" by comparison to and/or in the minds of his even less sophisticated Eurasian compatriots.

dandy (n.) "man who draws attention by unusual finery of dress and fastidiousness manners, a fop," c. 1780, of uncertain origin; attested earliest in a Scottish border ballad:

I've heard my granny crack
O' sixty twa years back
When there were sic a stock of Dandies O

etc. In that region, Dandy is diminutive of Andrew (as it was in Middle English generally). OED notes that the word was in vogue in London c. 1813-1819. His female counterpart was a dandizette (1821) with French-type ending.

Meaning "anything superlative or fine" is from 1786. As an adjective, "characteristic of a dandy, affectedly neat and trim," by 1813; earlier in the sense of "fine, splendid, first-rate" (1792) and in this sense it was very popular c. 1880-1900.

The popular guess, since at least 1827, is that it is from French Dandin, a mock surname for a foolish person used in 16c. by Rabelais (Perrin Dandin), also by Racine, La Fontaine, and Molière, from dandiner "to walk awkwardly, waddle." Farmer rejects this and derives it from dandyprat, an Elizabethan word for "a dwarf; a page; a young or insignificant person," originally (early 16c.) the name of a small silver coin. Both words are of unknown origin, and OED finds the connection of both to dandy to be "without any apparent ground." English dandy was itself borrowed into French c. 1830.


DANDY was first applied half in admiration half in derision to a fop about the year 1816. John Bee (Slang Dict., 1823) says that Lord Petersham was the chief of these successors to the departed Macaronis, and gives, as their peculiarities, 'French gait, lispings, wrinkled foreheads, killing king's English, wearing immense plaited pantaloons, coat cut away, small waistcoat, cravat and chitterlings immense, hat small, hair frizzled and protruding.' [Farmer and Henley, "Slang and its Analogues," 1891]
Previous manifestations of the petit-maître (French for small master) and the Muscadin have been noted by John C. Prevost,

but the modern practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s, both in London and in Paris. The dandy cultivated cynical reserve, yet to such extremes that novelist George Meredith, himself no dandy, once defined cynicism as "intellectual dandyism". Some took a more benign view; Thomas Carlyle wrote in Sartor Resartus that a dandy was no more than "a clothes-wearing man". Honoré de Balzac introduced the perfectly worldly and unmoved Henri de Marsay in La fille aux yeux d'or (1835), a part of La Comédie Humaine, who fulfils at first the model of a perfect dandy, until an obsessive love-pursuit unravels him in passionate and murderous jealousy.


Charles Baudelaire defined the dandy, in the later "metaphysical" phase of dandyism, as one who elevates æsthetics to a living religion,[6] that the dandy's mere existence reproaches the responsible citizen of the middle class: "Dandyism in certain respects comes close to spirituality and to stoicism" and "These beings have no other status, but that of cultivating the idea of beauty in their own persons, of satisfying their passions, of feeling and thinking .... Dandyism is a form of Romanticism. Contrary to what many thoughtless people seem to believe, dandyism is not even an excessive delight in clothes and material elegance. For the perfect dandy, these things are no more than the symbol of the aristocratic superiority of mind."

[4] trick (n.) early 15c., "a cheat, a mean ruse," from Old North French trique "trick, deceit, treachery, cheating," from trikier "to deceive, to cheat," variant of Old French trichier "to cheat, trick, deceive," of uncertain origin, probably from Vulgar Latin *triccare, from Latin tricari "be evasive, shuffle," from tricæ "trifles, nonsense, a tangle of difficulties," of unknown origin. Meaning "a roguish prank" is recorded from 1580s; sense of "the art of doing something" is first attested 1610s. Meaning "prostitute's client" is first attested 1915; earlier it was U.S. slang for "a robbery" (1865). To do the trick "accomplish one's purpose" is from 1812; to miss a trick "fail to take advantage of opportunity" is from 1889; from 1872 in reference to playing the card-game of whist, which might be the original literal sense. Trick-or-treat is recorded from 1942. Trick question is from 1907.

[5] ruse (n.) early 15c., "dodging movements of a hunted animal;" 1620s, "a trick," from Old French ruse, reuse "diversion, switch in flight; trick, jest" (14c.), back-formed noun from reuser "to dodge, repel, retreat; deceive, cheat," from Latin recusare "deny, reject, oppose," from re-, intensive prefix (see re-), + causari "plead as a reason, object, allege," from causa "reason, cause" (see cause (n.)). It also has been proposed that the French word may be from Latin rursus "backwards," or a Vulgar Latin form of refusare. Johnson calls it, "A French word neither elegant nor necessary." The verb ruse was used in Middle English..

[6] chicane (n.) a word used in English in various senses, including "act of chicanery, art of gaining advantage by using evasions or cheating tricks" (1670s), also "obstacles on a roadway" (1955), also a term in bridge (1880s), apparently all ultimately from an archaic verb chicane "to trick" (1670s), from French chicane "trickery" (16c.), from chicaner "to pettifog, quibble".

chicanery (n.) c. 1610s, "legal quibbling, sophistry, mean or petty tricks," from French chicanerie "trickery," from Middle French chicaner "to pettifog, quibble" (15c.), which is of unknown origin, perhaps from Middle Low German schikken "to arrange, bring about," or from the name of a golf-like game once played in Languedoc. Also compare French chic "small, little," as a noun "a small piece; finesse, subtlety." Thornton's "American Glossary" has shecoonery (1845), which it describes as probably a corruption of chicanery.




In Memoriam Charles Aznavour (1924-2018)

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Mavi Boncuk |

Charles Aznavour (1924-2018)

Charles Aznavour (/æznəvʊər/; French: [ʃaʁl aznavuʁ]; born Shahnour Vaghinag Aznavourian, Armenian: Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրեան; 22 May 1924 – 1 October 2018) was a French-Armenian singer, lyricist, actor, public activist and diplomat. 



Aznavour was known for his distinctive tenor voice: clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. In a career spanning over 70 years, he recorded more than 1,200 songs interpreted in eight languages. He wrote or co-wrote more than 1,000 songs for himself and others.

Aznavour was born in Paris on May 22, 1924, not long after his parents first arrived there. 

He was born with the name Shahnour (or Chahnour) Vaghinag (Vaghenagh) Aznavourian (Armenian: Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրեան), to Armenian immigrants Michael Aznavourian (b. 1895,  Akhaltsikhe, Georgia) and Knar Baghdasarian, an Armenian from Smyrna (b. 1904, present-day İzmir, Turkey). 

The couple fled Turkey on an Italian ship that brought them to Thessaloniki, Greece, where their eldest daughter, Aida[1], was born in 1923. Aznavour was born at the clinic Tarnier at 89, rue d'Assas in Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 6th arrondissement of Paris, into a family of artists living rue Monsieur-le-Prince.

His father sang in restaurants in France before establishing a Caucasian restaurant called Le Caucase. Charles's parents introduced him to performing at an early age, and he dropped out of school aged nine, taking the stage name "Aznavour". 


A portrait photograph of the Aznavour family in the 1920s. Charles' father, Mischa (center), is next to his wife, Knar. Aznavour family



The family had many Armenian friends in Paris, among them a couple named Mélinée and Missak Manouchian. The latter was the military commander of the underground group known as L’Affiche Rouge[2] 
His big break came in 1946 when the singer Édith Piaf heard him sing and arranged to take him with her on tour in France and to the United States.

Aznavour had a long and varied parallel career as an actor, appearing in over 80 films and TV movies. In 1960 Aznavour starred in François Truffaut's Tirez sur le pianiste, playing a character called Édouard Saroyan. He also put in a critically acclaimed performance in the 1974 movie And Then There Were None. Aznavour had an important supporting role in 1979's The Tin Drum, winner of the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1980. He co-starred in Claude Chabrol's Les Fantômes du chapelier (1982). In the 1984 version of Die Fledermaus, he appears and performs as one of Prince Orlovsky's guests. This version stars Kiri Te Kanawa and was directed by Plácido Domingo in the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden. Aznavour starred in the 2002 Atom Egoyan movie Ararat playing Edward Saroyan, a movie director.


Along with holding the mostly ceremonial title of French ambassador-at-large to Armenia, Aznavour agreed to hold the position of Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland on 12 February 2009.

Aznavour was married three times: to Micheline Rugel (1946),[67] Evelyn Plessis (1956) and his widow Ulla Thorsell (1967). Six children were produced by these marriages: Séda, Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa, and Nicolas.

[1] Georges Diran Garvarentz (1 April 1932 - 19 March 1993)  Armenian-French composer, noted for his music for films and Charles Aznavour's songs married  Aida Aznavourian in Sept. 17, 1965.

Charles Aznavour's sister, Aida Aznavourian

[2] L’Affiche Rouge (The Red Poster), which was the first to carry out armed resistance actions against the Nazis. Aznavour’s family aided the group on many occasions and also hid the Manouchians for several months while they were being hunted by the French police and Gestapo.

The group, which was associated with the French Communist Party and whose members were mostly immigrants without French citizenship, was active in 1942-1943 as part of the French Resistance, and carried out armed attacks against the French police and Gestapo, inflicting casualties among the Germans.

It was named after the red propaganda poster the authorities distributed against it, which included photographs of 10 members who were apprehended.

The group had about 200 members; 67 were arrested, including 34 Jews and three Armenians. Of the 23 who were sentenced to death, 12 were Jews and two Armenian, including Missak Manouchian.

Awards | Adana International Film Festival

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Mavi Boncuk |

Directorial duo Cagla Zencirci and Guillaume Giovanetti’s drama Sibel[1]and Tolga Karacelik’s quirky road movie Butterflies were among the top winners at the Adana International Film Festival (Sept 22-30) over the weekend.

Sibel – revolving around an ostracised, mute young woman living in a mountain village whose life is transformed when she helps an injured fugitive in hiding - won the festival’s Golden Boll for best film in the national competition focused on Turkish cinema.

Damla Sönmez won best actress for her performance as the titular Sibel, while Emin Gürsoy clinched best supporting actor for his performance as the fugitive.

It is the second time Sönmez has been feted at Adana. She previously won the best actress Golden Boll in 2014 for her performance in Across The Sea as an expat lawyer who returns home from the US to close old wounds before giving birth to her first child.

The other big winner in the national competition was Tolga Karaçelik’s Butterflies, about three mixed up siblings who bond during a trip to their home village at the request of an estranged father.

The film, which premiered earlier this year at Sundance where it clinched the World Cinema Dramatic Grand Jury Prize, was feted with the Golden Boll for best director as well as the festival’s audience award and best screenplay prize.

Mahmut Fazil Coskun’s dark comedy The Announcement won the festival’s second prize, the Yilmaz Guney award.

The prize, created in the memory of the Palme d’Or-winning, dissident director who hailed from the city of Adana, is usually awarded to first or second features, but unusually this year went to a third film.

The film also clinched the best cinematography award for Krum Rodriguez as well as a separate best director prize awarded by the directors’ guild jury.

Based on real-life events surrounding a 1963 coup d’état, The Announcement originally premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September where it won a special jury prize in the Horizons section.

Coskun previously won Adana’s Golden Boll for best film in 2013 with his debut feature Yozgat Blues. The Announcement also competed in Adana’s international competition where it won the Special Jury Award.

SOURCE

The full list of winners
National competition

Best film: Sibel
Best director: Tolga Karaçelik (Butterflies)
Yılmaz Güney Award: The Announcement (Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun)
Adana Audience Award: Butterflies
Special Jury Award: Insiders (Hüseyin Karabey)
Best Screenplay Award: Butterflies (Tolga Karaçelik)
Best Actress Award: Damla Sönmez (Sibel)
Best Actor Awards: Caner Şahin and Yiğit Ege Writer (Brothers)
Best Music Award: Mehmet Güreli (Four-cornered Triangle)
Best Director of Photography Award: Krum Rodriguez (The Announcement)
Best Art Director Award: Tuba Erdem (Four-cornered Triangle)
Best Editing Award: Naim Kanat (The Pigeon Thieves)
Best Actress Award in the Supporting Role: Gizem Erman Soysaldı (Insiders)
Best Actor Award in Supporting Role: Emin Gürsoy (Sibel)
Türkan Şoray Hope Young Woman Award: Gözde Mutluer (Brothers)
Hope Young Actor Award: Seyit Nizam Yılmaz (The Pigeon Thieves)
SİYAD Best Film Award: Banu Sıvacı (The Pigeon)
FİLMYÖN Best Director Award: Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun (The Announcement)

International competition

Best film: Burning (Lee Chang-dong)
Special Jury Award: The Announcement (Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun)
Special Mention: I Do Not Care If We Go Down In History as Barbarians (Radu Jude)

[1] Sibel
by Çagla Zencirci, Guillaume Giovanetti
France, Germany, Luxembourg, Turkey, 2018, STC

Cast: Damla Sönmez, Erkan Kolçak Kôstendil, Emin Gûrsoy, Elit Iscan, Meral Çetinkaya


A young mute woman living as an outcast in a remote, superstitious mountain village near Turkey’s Black Sea finds her true voice when she comes to the aid of a mysterious injured fugitive, in this poetic fairy tale–inspired film from from Franco-Turkish directing duo Guillaume Giovanetti and Çagla Zencirci.


Çagla Zencirci was born in Ankara, Turkey, in 1976.

Along with Guillaume Giovanetti  (Lyon, 1978), they form a directorial duo based in Paris and Istanbul, and they directed several short films in the Middle-East, Europe, Central Asia and Far-East, (among which Ata, France/Turkey 2008 and Six, Japan/France 2009) selected in more than 200 Festivals worldwide (Berlinale, Locarno, Rotterdam, Tampere, FIDMarseille, Clermont-Ferrand, etc.) and awarded more than 40 times.


In 2012, the co-directors achieved Noor, their first feature film (France/Turkey/Pakistan), which they developed in France’s Moulin d’Andé and shot in Pakistan thanks to the support of the MEDIA Program. The film premiered at the ACID section of the 65th Cannes International Film Festival 2012, competed in the 47th Karlovy Vary Film Festival, was selected in Busan IFF, and was awarded several Grand Prix (Paris’ “Chéries-Chéris” Festival; Dieppe, France; New York Asian Film Festival; Bogota, Colombia; Missisauga, Canada) and many other Awards (Rome, Milan, Vancouver, Dublin, Toulouse, etc.). After more than 80 invitations from Festivals worldwide, the film has been theatrically released in France in april 2014, with a very good reception from Critics and Audience.


Çagla Zencirci and Guillaume Giovanetti have lately completed their second feature film Ningen (Japan/Turkey/France), they shot in Japan and wrote in a residence at the prestigious Villa Kujoyama, Kyoto. The Film Premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival 2013, and then received several Awards (Best Film, Best Actor and Best Cinematography) in Dublin, Ireland, the Best Film Award in Zadar, Croatia, and a Special Jury Mention in Tours Asian Film Festival in France. It is currently being selected in Festivals all around the World, before its theatrical release in France and Japan in spring 2015.



The filmmaking duo is currently developing their third feature film, to be shot in Turkey.

16 May 1912 | Surrender at Rhodes

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Mavi Boncuk | 

16 May 1912: surrender of the Turkish garrison in Rhodes to the Italian general Ameglio near Psithos. (From Italian weekly La Domenica del Corriere, 26 May – 2 June 1912).

Book | Russian Hajj Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca

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University Citation: Professor Charles Shaw, review of Russian Hajj: Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca, (review no. 2130) DOI: 10.14296/RiH/2014/2130 Date accessed: 5 October, 2018

Mavi Boncuk |

Russian Hajj | Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca by Eileen Kane[!]

Hardcover: 256 pages
Publisher: Cornell University Press; 1 edition (November 2, 2015)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0801454239

ISBN-13: 978-0801454233

Winner, Marshall Shulman Book Prize (ASEEES) Honorable mention, Reginald Zelnik Prize (ASEEES) and Heldt Prize for the Best Book by a Woman in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (AWSS)

In the late nineteenth century, as a consequence of imperial conquest and a mobility revolution, Russia became a crossroads of the hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca. The first book in any language on the hajj under tsarist and Soviet rule, Russian Hajj tells the story of how tsarist officials struggled to control and co-opt Russia's mass hajj traffic, seeing it not only as a liability, but also an opportunity. To support the hajj as a matter of state surveillance and control was controversial, given the preeminent position of the Orthodox Church. But nor could the hajj be ignored, or banned, due to Russia's policy of toleration of Islam. As a cross-border, migratory phenomenon, the hajj stoked officials' fears of infectious disease, Islamic revolt, and interethnic conflict, but Kane innovatively argues that it also generated new thinking within the government about the utility of the empire's Muslims and their global networks.Russian Hajj reveals for the first time Russia's sprawling international hajj infrastructure, complete with lodging houses, consulates, "Hejaz steamships," and direct rail service. In a story meticulously reconstructed from scattered fragments, ranging from archival documents and hajj memoirs to Turkic-language newspapers, Kane argues that Russia built its hajj infrastructure not simply to control and limit the pilgrimage, as previous scholars have argued, but to channel it to benefit the state and empire. Russian patronage of the hajj was also about capitalizing on human mobility to capture new revenues for the state and its transport companies and laying claim to Islamic networks to justify Russian expansion.



[1] 


Eileen Kane is Associate Professor of History at Connecticut College. 

Education: A.B., Brown University; M.A., Ph.D., Princeton University

Eileen Kane is a historian of modern Russia and Eurasia interested in comparative and global approaches to history. Her research and teaching focus on modern Russia, and she always seeks to consider Russia within broader histories of Europe, Eurasia and the world. Her interests include empires, migrations, religion and historical connections between the Russian and Ottoman empires.

She teaches courses on Russian, Soviet, European and Eurasian history.

Her research has taken her to archives and manuscript collections in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Odessa, Tbilisi and Istanbul, and been supported by numerous national fellowships and grants, including a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship (2009-10) and a publication grant from the American Association of University Women.

Her first book, "Russian Hajj: Empire and the Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca," was published in December 2015 by Cornell University Press. 

Selected publications:

"World War I on the Eastern Front,” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History Vol. 15, No. 1 (Winter 2014): 207-216.


- "Odessa as a Hajj Hub, 1880s-1910s," in Russia in Motion: Essays on the Politics, Society, and Culture of Human Mobility, 1850-Present, ed. John Randolph and Eugene Avrutin (University of Illinois Press, 2012).


Introduction: Russia as a Crossroads of the Global Hajj
1. Imperialism through Islamic Networks
2. Mapping the Hajj, Integrating Muslims
3. Forging a Russian Hajj Route
4. The Hajj and Religious Politics after 1905
5. The Hajj and Socialist Revolution
Conclusion: Russian Hajj in the Twenty-First Century

"This is an impressively researched book, and many of the arguments are compelling. One picture that comes through most clearly is that of an empire which, although capable of conquering vast areas, was far from all-powerful when confronted with border-crossing mobile subjects. This makes an important contribution to debates around the reaches and limits of imperial rule in practice."
- J.P. Slight, University of Cambridge, H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online

"[F]ascinating details of the organizational efforts behind Russia's sponsorship of the hajj (the establishment of medical facilities along the way and outfitting ships with special rooms for ablutions as well as halal food, for example) are examined in this concise and informative volume on an often-overlooked chapter in Russian history."
- Tom Verde, AramcoWorld

"Russian Hajj uncovers a fascinating world of highly mobile Muslim pilgrims traversing Eurasia and the Middle East with the aid of a Russian state keen to exploit Muslim networks to project imperial power. Elegantly written and grounded in a close reading of a vast trove of archival sources scattered across several countries, it offers an eye-opening account of Russia as a global empire and Muslim power. Eileen Kane makes a compelling case for rethinking Russian history as global history and for reimagining the empire and its management of human mobility."
- Robert Crews, Stanford University

"Russian Hajj is an innovative, deeply researched, and fascinating book. Marvelously rich in themes and details, it asks us to reconceptualize the history and historiography of the Hajj and Muslim pilgrimage, the governing structures and ideologies of Imperial Russia as a multiconfessional state, the transformative intersections of Russian domestic and foreign policies, and the patterns of human, global migration. In exciting and original ways, Kane highlights the porousness of political boundaries and the centrality of transnational movement and cultural exchange to the making of the modern world."
- Nicholas B. Breyfogle, The Ohio State University, author of Heretics and Colonizers: Forging Russia's Empire in the South Caucasus

"Eileen Kane’s account of the Russian Hajj taps into a fascinating story that Daniel Brower had once called 'a blind spot in studies of Russian colonial rule' (Daniel Brower, 'Russian Roads to Mecca,' Slavic Review 55(3) (1996): 568)... Kane does an excellent job providing evidence to support her account of the Russian Hajj as one of 'toleration' and 'sponsorship' in line with the past two decades’ 'imperial turn' in historiography."

- Mustafa Tuna, Departments of Slavic and Eurasian Studies & History, Duke University, Durham, NC, Canadian-American Slavic Studies
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