Pictured: Poster of Eşkiya Celladı (Bandit Executioner) 1967 film Directed by Remzi Jöntürk.Mavi Boncuk |
Izbandut: first mentioned in Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname 1683. haydut, eşkiya TR ut ending hints to Southern Italian dialects.(sbanduto) bandito IT; bandire; banduto (banned); late 16th century becomes bandit.
Bandit EN: a robber or outlaw belonging to a gang and typically operating in an isolated or lawless area. See Ban[1]
Synonyms: robber, thief, outlaw, gunman, crook, mugger, gangster, raider,freebooter, hijacker, looter, marauder, bandito; dated: desperado; literary: brigand; historical: rustler, highwayman, reaver
Haydut: first mentioned in Franciscus Meninski, Thesaurus Linguarum Orientalium[1680] facsimile Simurg 2000. başıbozuk, akıncı, çeteci TR From Hungarian brigand soldier HUN hajdúk hajdú (plural).
Originated around 1580 in Hungary under Ottoman regime. Possibly borrowed from Ottoman military use from AR ḥaydūdat حيدودة verb root hayd yoldan çıkma, sapma TR; diversion EN.
Eşkiya, başıbozuk: first mentioned in Ahmet Vefik Paşa, Lugat-ı Osmani[1876], ed. Recep Toparlı, TDK 2000.
Serbian/Albanian: hajduk, Romanian: haiduc, Bulgarian: haidut/haiduk, IT aiducco (eşkiya, çeteci).
Eşkiya: first mentioned in 1391 Saraylı Seyf, Bedbahtlar | Gülistan Translation [1391], (Toparlı et. al. in Kıpçak Dictionary. 1680 fakirler, zavallılar, haydutlar, krimineller TR Franciscus Meninski, Thesaurus Linguarum Orientalium [1680], facsimile Simurg 2000. from AR aşḳiyāˀ أشقياء AR şāḳī شاقي
Şaki: first mentioned in 1500 Kıpçak Turkish Dictionary, ed. Toparlı, Vural & Karaatlı, TDK 2003. Thief, raider EN; Hırsız, yağmacı TR use is specific to Turkish. from AR şaḳī شقي TR bedbaht, talihsiz, zavallı → şaka; EN luckless, joke.
[1] Ban: (1) Old English bannan "to summon, command, proclaim," from Proto-Germanic *bannan "proclaim, command, forbid" (cf. Old High German bannan "to command or forbid under threat of punishment," German bannen"banish, expel, curse"), originally "to speak publicly," from PIE root *bha- (2) "to speak" (cf. Old Irish bann "law," Armenian ban "word;" Main modern sense of "to prohibit" (late 14c.) is from Old Norse cognate banna "to curse, prohibit," and probably in part from Old French ban, which meant "outlawry, banishment," among other things (see banal) and was a borrowing from Germanic. The sense evolution in Germanic was from "speak" to "proclaim a threat" to (in Norse, German, etc.) "curse."Ban: (2) "governor of Croatia," from Serbo-Croatian ban "lord, master, ruler," from Persian ban "prince, lord, chief, governor," related to Sanskrit pati "guards, protects." Hence Banat "district governed by a ban," with Latinate suffix -atus. The Persian word got into Slavic perhaps via the Avars.
"edict of prohibition," c.1300, "proclamation or edict of an overlord," from Old English (ge)bann "proclamation, summons, command" and Old French ban, both from Germanic. The Germanic root, borrowed in Latin and French, has been productive, e.g. banish, bandit, contraband, etc.
Banal (adj.): "trite, commonplace," 1840, from French banal, "belonging to a manor, common, hackneyed, commonplace," from Old French banel "communal" (13c.), from ban "decree; legal control; announcement; authorization; payment for use of a communal oven, mill, etc." (see ban (v.)). The modern sense evolved from the word's use in designating things like ovens or mills that belonged to feudal serfs, or else compulsory military service; in either case it was generalized in French through "open to everyone" to "commonplace, ordinary," to "trite, petty."