Pharmacopée Militaire Ottomane (1844)[1] lists the alkaloids used in pharmacy such as: Ciguë (baldıran), Extrait de Belladonne (belladonna hülasası), Extrait de Jusquiame (banotu hülasası), Morphine (morfin), Noix vomique (kargabüken), Opium (afyon) and Quinquina jaune (sarı kınakına). Mavi Boncuk | Baldıran[1], Ciguë FR (Conium maculatum) Hemlock or Poison Hemlock[2] EN is a highly poisonous perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. C. maculatum is known by several common names. As well as the English "Poison hemlock" and the Irish "Devil's Bread" or "Devil's Porridge", there are also Poison Parsley, Spotted Corobane, and Spotted Hemlock. The seeds are sometimes called Kecksies or Kex.
Conium comes from the Greek konas (meaning to whirl), in reference to vertigo, one of the symptoms of ingesting the plant.
Coniine has a chemical structure and pharmacological properties similar to nicotine.[2][6] Coniine disrupts the workings of the central nervous system through action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In high enough concentrations coniine can be dangerous to humans and livestock.
[1] baldırgan, ağı otu; poisoned variety: baldıran şeytantersi, baldırgan.
[2] In ancient Greece, hemlock was used to poison condemned prisoners. The most famous victim of hemlock poisoning is the philosopher Socrates.Hemlock is referred to in both Shakespeare's King Lear and Hamlet. In King Lear it is mentioned by Cordelia where she describes her missing father, who has become insane, to the Doctor. In Hamlet the old Danish king is revealed to have been murdered with a drop of a substance which may be hemlock dripped into his ear. In addition, Hemlock is referred to in Shakespeare's Macbeth by Banquo, after meeting the three witches for the first time whence he asks "Have we bitten on the insane root?" (the insane root = hemlock).