The Women of the Island of Lemnos in the Aegean were infused with a terrible stench by Aphrodite as punishment for scorning her worship. When they were abandoned by their husbands for Thrakian brides, Aphrodite drove them to murder their menfolk.
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Mavi Boncuk |
Tyrsenian (Tyrsenisch, also Tyrrhenian), named after the Tyrrhenians (Ancient Greek: Tursānoi,Tursēnoi, Turrhēnoi), is an extinct family of closely related ancient languages proposed by Helmut Rix[1] (1998), that consists of the Etruscan[2] language of central Italy, the Raetic language of the Alps, and the Lemnian[3] language of the Aegean Sea.
James Mellaart has proposed that this language family is related to the pre-Indo-European Anatolian languages, based upon place name analysis.
A relation with the Anatolian languages within Indo-European has been proposed (Steinbauer 1999;[5] Palmer 1965), but is not generally accepted (althoughLeonard R. Palmer did show that some Linear A inscriptions were sensible as a variant of Luwian). If these languages are an early Indo-European stratum rather than pre-Indo-European, they would be associated with Krahe's Old European hydronymy and would date back to a Kurganization during the earlyBronze Age.
[1]Helmut Rix (July 4, 1926 – December 3, 2004) was a German linguist and professor of the Sprachwissenschaftliches Seminar of Albert-Ludwigs-Universität,Freiburg, Germany.
He is best known for his research into Indo-European and Etruscan languages, as well as the author of the hypothesis of Tyrrhenian languages.
[2] The Etruscan language was spoken and written by the Etruscan civilization, in Italy, in the ancient region of Etruria (modern Tuscany plus western Umbria and northern Latium) and in parts of Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls). Etruscan influenced Latin, but was eventually completely superseded by it. Although it left only a few significant documents, and a few dozen loanwords, such as the name Roma (from Etruscan Ruma), its influence was significant.
Grammatically, the language is agglutinating, with nouns and verbs showing suffixed inflectional endings and ablaut in some cases.
Culturally more advanced, the religion of the Etruscans influenced that of the Romans, and many of the few surviving Etruscan language artifacts are of votive or religious significance. Etruscan was written in a form of the alphabet derived from the Greek alphabet, and was the source of the Latin alphabet. The Etruscan language is also believed to be the source of certain important cultural words of western Europe, such as 'ceremony', 'market', 'military' and 'person', which do not have obvious Indo-European roots.
[3] Like Etruscan, the Lemnian language appears to have had a four-vowel system, consisting of "i", "e", "a" and "o". Other languages in the neighbourhood of the Lemnian area, namely Hittite and Akkadian, had similar four-vowel systems, suggesting early areal influence.
After the Athenians conquered the island in the latter half of the 6th century, Lemnian was replaced by Attic Greek.
Mavi Boncuk |
Tyrsenian (Tyrsenisch, also Tyrrhenian), named after the Tyrrhenians (Ancient Greek: Tursānoi,Tursēnoi, Turrhēnoi), is an extinct family of closely related ancient languages proposed by Helmut Rix[1] (1998), that consists of the Etruscan[2] language of central Italy, the Raetic language of the Alps, and the Lemnian[3] language of the Aegean Sea.
James Mellaart has proposed that this language family is related to the pre-Indo-European Anatolian languages, based upon place name analysis.
A relation with the Anatolian languages within Indo-European has been proposed (Steinbauer 1999;[5] Palmer 1965), but is not generally accepted (althoughLeonard R. Palmer did show that some Linear A inscriptions were sensible as a variant of Luwian). If these languages are an early Indo-European stratum rather than pre-Indo-European, they would be associated with Krahe's Old European hydronymy and would date back to a Kurganization during the earlyBronze Age.
[1]Helmut Rix (July 4, 1926 – December 3, 2004) was a German linguist and professor of the Sprachwissenschaftliches Seminar of Albert-Ludwigs-Universität,Freiburg, Germany.
He is best known for his research into Indo-European and Etruscan languages, as well as the author of the hypothesis of Tyrrhenian languages.
[2] The Etruscan language was spoken and written by the Etruscan civilization, in Italy, in the ancient region of Etruria (modern Tuscany plus western Umbria and northern Latium) and in parts of Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls). Etruscan influenced Latin, but was eventually completely superseded by it. Although it left only a few significant documents, and a few dozen loanwords, such as the name Roma (from Etruscan Ruma), its influence was significant.
Grammatically, the language is agglutinating, with nouns and verbs showing suffixed inflectional endings and ablaut in some cases.
Culturally more advanced, the religion of the Etruscans influenced that of the Romans, and many of the few surviving Etruscan language artifacts are of votive or religious significance. Etruscan was written in a form of the alphabet derived from the Greek alphabet, and was the source of the Latin alphabet. The Etruscan language is also believed to be the source of certain important cultural words of western Europe, such as 'ceremony', 'market', 'military' and 'person', which do not have obvious Indo-European roots.
[3] Like Etruscan, the Lemnian language appears to have had a four-vowel system, consisting of "i", "e", "a" and "o". Other languages in the neighbourhood of the Lemnian area, namely Hittite and Akkadian, had similar four-vowel systems, suggesting early areal influence.
After the Athenians conquered the island in the latter half of the 6th century, Lemnian was replaced by Attic Greek.