Mavi Boncuk | Book | The Story of the Apple
http://maviboncuk.blogspot.com/2009/08/book-story-of-apple.html
Elma: ETü almıla
apple (n.) Old English æppel "apple; any kind of fruit; fruit in general," from Proto-Germanic *ap(a)laz (cf. Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Dutch appel, Old Norse eple, Old High German apful, German Apfel), from PIE *ab(e)l "apple" (cf. Gaulish avallo "fruit;" Old Irish ubull, Lithuanian obuolys, Old Church Slavonic jabloko "apple"), but the exact relation and original sense of these is uncertain (cf. melon).
A roted eppel amang þe holen, makeþ rotie þe yzounde. ["Ayenbite of Inwit," 1340]
In Middle English and as late as 17c., it was a generic term for all fruit other than berries but including nuts (e.g. Old English fingeræppla "dates," literally "finger-apples;" Middle English appel of paradis "banana," c.1400). Hence its grafting onto the unnamed "fruit of the forbidden tree" in Genesis. Cucumbers, in one Old English work, are eorþæppla, literally "earth-apples" (cf. French pomme de terre "potato," literally "earth-apple;" see also melon). French pomme is from Latin pomum "apple; fruit" (see Pomona).
Kavun: ETü kağuŋ
Karpuz: Fa χarbūze خربزه karpuz ~ EYun/Yun karpós καρπός her türlü meyve, mahsul < EYun karpóō καρπόω meyva veya ürün vermek
Forbidden Fruit
As far as the forbidden fruit is concerned, again, the Quran does not mention it explicitly, but according to traditional commentaries it was not an apple, as believed by Christians and Jews, but wheat. ["The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity," Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 2002]
Apple of Discord (c.1400) was thrown into the wedding of Thetis and Peleus by Eris (goddess of chaos and discord), who had not been invited, and inscribed kallisti "To the Prettiest One." Paris, elected to choose which goddess should have it, gave it to Aphrodite, offending Hera and Athene, with consequences of the Trojan War, etc.
Apple of one's eye (Old English), symbol of what is most cherished, was the pupil, supposed to be a globular solid body. Apple-polisher "one who curries favor" first attested 1928 in student slang. The image of something that upsets the apple cart is attested from 1788. Road apple "horse dropping" is from 1942.
melon (n.) late 14c., from Old French melon (13c.), from Medieval Latin melonem (nominative melo), from Latin melopeponem, a kind of pumpkin, from Greek melopepon "gourd-apple" (name for several kinds of gourds bearing sweet fruit), from melon "apple" (see malic) + pepon, a kind of gourd, probably noun use of pepon "ripe" (see pumpkin).
In Greek, melon was used in a generic way for all foreign fruits (cf. similar use of apple). The Greek plural of "melon" was used from ancient times for "a girl's breasts."
Pomona (n.) Roman goddess of fruit, from Latin pomum "apple; fruit," of uncertain origin. "Possibly from *po-emo- 'taken off, picked'; *po-omo- or *pe-omo- are also conceivable" [de Vaan]. Or perhaps borrowed from a lost Mediterranean language.
Potential forbidden fruits of the Garden of Eden include the apple, pomegranate, the fig, the carob, the etrog or citron,[1] the pear, the quince and, more recently, the datura.The pseudepigraphic Book of Enoch describes the tree of knowledge: "It was like a species of the Tamarind tree, bearing fruit which resembled grapes extremely fine; and its fragrance extended to a considerable distance. I exclaimed, How beautiful is this tree, and how delightful is its appearance!" (1 Enoch 31:4).
One alternative view is that the forbidden fruit is not a fruit at all, but a metaphorical one, possibly the fruit of the womb, i.e. sex and procreation from the tree of life.
The American ethnobotanist and philosopher Terence McKenna speculated that the fruit of the tree is a symbolic allegory for the entheogenic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis, and that the expansion of perceptual and cognitive awareness that resulted from ingestion was responsible for the acquisition of "knowledge".
Apple:
In Western Europe, the fruit was often depicted as an apple, possibly because of a misunderstanding of, or a pun on mălum, a native Latin noun which means evil (from the adjective malus), and mālum, another Latin noun, borrowed from Greek μῆλον, which means apple. In the Vulgate, Genesis 2:17 describes the tree as de ligno autem scientiae boni et mali: "but of the tree (lit. wood) of knowledge of good and evil" (mali here is the genitive of malum). The larynx in the human throat, noticeably more prominent in males, was consequently called an Adam's apple, from a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit sticking from Adam's throat as he swallowed.
Grape:
Rabbi Meir says that the fruit was a grape, made into wine. The Zohar explains similarly that Noah attempted (but failed) to rectify the sin of Adam by using grape wine for holy purposes. The midrash of Bereishis Rabah states that the fruit was grape, or squeezed grapes (perhaps alluding to wine).
Fig:
Rabbi Nechemia says that the fruit was a fig, as it was from fig leaves that God made garments for Adam and Eve upon expelling them from the Garden. "By that with which they were made low were they rectified."[10] But the Bible says that it was Adam and Eve who had made their own fig leaf clothing: "And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons." (Genesis 3:7)
Since the fig is a long-standing symbol of female sexuality, it enjoyed a run as a favorite understudy to the apple as the forbidden fruit during the Italian Renaissance. The most famous depiction of the fig as the forbidden fruit was painted by Michelangelo Buonarroti in his masterpiece fresco on the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
Pomegranate:
Proponents of the theory that the Garden of Eden was located somewhere in what is now known as the Middle East suggest that the fruit was actually a pomegranate, partly because it was native in the region.
Wheat:
Rabbi Yehuda proposes that the fruit was wheat, because "a baby does not know to call its mother and father until it tastes the taste of grain."
In Hebrew, wheat is "khitah", which has been considered to be a pun on "khet", meaning "sin".
Mushroom:
A fresco in the 13th-century Plaincourault Abbey in France depicts Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, flanking a Tree of Knowledge that has the appearance of a gigantic Amanita muscaria, a psychoactive mushroom.Terence McKenna proposed that the forbidden fruit was a reference to psychotropic plants and fungi, specifically psilocybin mushrooms, which played a central role, he theorized, in the evolution of the human brain. Earlier, in a well-documented and heavily-criticized study, John M. Allegro proposed the mushroom as the forbidden fruit.
In the Book of Enoch [16] chapt. 1, verse 69: "And the third was named Gadreeel: he it is that showed the children of men all the blows of death, and he led astray Eve, and showed [the weapons of death to the sons of men], the shield and the coat of mail, and the sword for battle, and all the weapons of death to the children of men. And from his hand they have proceeded against those who dwell on the earth from that day and for evermore." Therefore, the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil was flesh and the methods to acquire it.
According to the Quran, Surah Al-A'raf 7:19 describes Adam and his wife in Paradise where they may eat what is provided, except that they may not eat from one particular tree, should they be considered Zalimun. Surah Ibrahim #.14:26 describes the forbidden tree as an evil tree that is forbidden for guidance.
Surah Al-A'raf 7:22 describes the ˈibliːs who misled them with deception, and then it was Adam who initiated eating from the forbidden tree. Then when they tasted of the tree, that which was hidden from them of their shame became manifest to them and they began to cover themselves with the leaves of Paradise. And their Lord called out to them: "Did I not forbid you that tree and tell you: Verily, Shaitân is an open enemy unto you?" (Quran 7:19). The Quran holds both Adam and his wife accountable for eating the forbidden fruit. As punishment, they were both banished from Heaven and sent to the Earth where they were forgiven after repenting.
The similarities of the story to the story of Pandora's box were identified by early Christians such as Tertullian, Origen and Gregory of Nazianzus.
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(Re: [bcn2004] Re: [hrl_2] I would like to see examples of internal)
Number: 3 Root: ā̆bel-, ā̆bōl-, abel- English meaning: apple German meaning: `Apfel' Material: Lat. Abella (osk. Stadt in Campanien) malifera `äpfeltragend', nach Verg. Aen. 7, 740, dürfte ihren Namen nach der Apfelzucht erhalten haben und auf die Grundform *ablonā zurückweisen. Der Apfel ist nicht etwa erst nach der Stadt benannt.
The sounds represented by B, P, PP and M are very related labial sounds meaning that they could be replaced with each other. When the root words ā̆bel-, ā̆bōl-, abel are rearranged as ELBA, ALBO and ELBA respectively and replacing B with M, we get the words ELMA, ALMO, and ELMA which is the same as the Turkish word ELMA / ALMA meaning "apple". The same can be said about German APFEL and Latin ABELLA and even English APPLE which are all made up from Turkish ELMA and ALMALI meaning "with apple".
Even the Latin word MALIFERA meaning "apple-bearing", when rearranged as "ALMA-FERI", we see the restructured, Romanized and disguised form of the Turkish expression "ALMA VERI" meaning "it gives apple" or "it bears apple". Turkish ALMA is "apple" and VERI means "it gives, it bears".
So the root for these European words meaning "apple" are definitely the Turkish word ALMA / ELMA meaning "apple" and not ā̆bel-, ā̆bōl-, abel as shown above. It is seen that linguists telling us that ā̆bel-, ā̆bōl-, abel is the root for apple-related IE words is not correct.