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Enver Behnan Şapolyo
(b. February 25, 1900 / d. June 1, 1972)
Historian, researcher, teacher, novelist, storyteller, biographer, editor.
He was born in Fatih, Istanbul. His father is Nadiri Fevzi Bey, a member of the Ottoman Ministry of Education, and his mother is Hatice Şaziment Hanım, a Zaimzade. Nadiri Fevzi Bey, one of the productive names of the world of science of the period, is one of the most productive names in the world of science. Along with publishing works such as Hayat, Esrarı Abuhava, İlmi Ruh and Cebri Ala, he published the newspaper Protesto in 1908; He was the editor-in-chief of the Arabic newspaper El Adl. Nadiri Fevzi Bey was executed on 27 May 1909 for the journals he made against the Committee of Union and Progress.
Enver Behnan completed his primary and secondary education as a boarder at Istanbul Boys' High School, and was sent to Germany to study in 1917 due to his success, but had to return in 1918 due to war conditions. [2] After returning from Germany, he was drafted in Istanbul, but was discharged from the army due to the Treaty of Mudros. Continuing his education at Istanbul Teachers' School after his discharge, Şapolyo joined the Kuva-yı Milliye Movement with a group of friends with patriotic feelings and first joined the groups that opposed the Greek occupation in Thrace, and then went to Ankara via İnebolu. Unable to complete his education in this process, Şapolyo settled in Ankara in 1920 and started teaching at Ankara Sultani (Gazi High School) after completing his unfinished education in Ankara Teacher's School in 1922. In these years, he also turned to journalism activities and stood by the newspapers that supported the Ankara Government. His journalism adventure, which started by working as a reporter in Hâkimiyet-i Milliye, continued in Öğüt newspaper from 1921, and he also undertook the task of Ankara correspondent in Yeni Gün and Tanin newspapers. He was appointed to Konya because he published the news of the proclamation of the Republic earlier than expected in the New Day, where he continued his journalism activities and worked for the newspaper Babalık, and participated in Mustafa Kemal Pasha's Dumlupınar trip in 1924 as a reporter. Şapolyo, who had the opportunity to participate in İsmet Pasha's trips to Anatolia, witnessed the bond between Anatolia and the government in those years.
After the proclamation of the Republic, he came to Istanbul from Konya in 1924 and continued his journalism in the newspapers Cumhuriyet, Yeni Gün, Akşam, Son Telgraf, Vakit, İkdam-Gece Postası and Yeni Sabah; Returning to Ankara in 1928, he worked as a freelance reporter in newspapers such as Ulus, İnkılâp, Zafer, Ekspres, Haber, Son Basın and Son Havadis, and worked as Ankara correspondent for Yeni Sabah for a long time. In 1924, he was the host during the famous educator John Dewey's visit to Ankara (Ata 2001: 199).
He completed his military service in Polatlı as a first lieutenant between 1929 and 1930. He married Habibe Şerife Hanım in 1932 and they had two daughters, Erdenay in 1933 and Aytek in 1940. In 1933, he graduated from Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Department of History, where he continued his lessons from outside. During his education, he met important historians such as Ahmet Refik Altınay, Fuat Köprülü, Abdurrahman Şeref and was influenced by Ziya Gökalp. Şapolyo followed the medieval courses at Ankara University DTCF in the following years.
He was enrolled in Ankara Community Center in 1932; He served on the editorial boards of these publications for a long time. Chapoleo II. and VI. It is known that he attended Language Conventions and also attended the Press Congress in 1935. The author, who served as a member of the Ankara Community Center Board of Directors between 1937-1938 and the Head of the Language-History-Literature Branch, II. After the mobilization declared during World War II, he was found in Adana in 1941 as a first lieutenant.
Since 1954, serials and articles on the National Struggle and Atatürk were published in Zafer. During the Democratic Party period, he worked as a consultant in charge of training programs at Ankara Radio; Between 1954-1955, he prepared a talk show called "Selected Anecdotes from Our History". Şapolyo, who has been working as a journalist for many years, was given a Press Honorary Card in 1964.
[*]Ankara Sultanisi (1922), Konya Lisesi (1923), İstanbul Erkek Lisesi (1924), Vefa Lisesi (1925), Kuleli Askeri Lisesi (1926), Maltepe Askeri Okulu (1927), Ankara Gedikli Küçük Zabit Mektebi (1928-1932), Ankara Erkek (Birinci) Orta Mektebi (1932-1936), Ankara Gazi Lisesi (1936-1965).
In addition to these schools, Şapolyo, who gives part-time lessons with official assignment in various military and vocational schools, has taught Revolution History, Tourism and Ethics at the Military Academy, Ankara Commerce Higher Teachers' School, Aviation Erbaş School, Finance School and Meteorology School (Yuca 2014). : 20). It is known that Şapolyo gave a service devoted to Kemalist principles and Turkism movement throughout his teaching life. He retired from teaching due to age limit in 1965.
Şapolyo, who was a member of Turkish Hearth, Ankara Journalists' Association, Teachers' Association, Istanbul High School Society, Ankara Club, Historical Monuments Preservation Society, Language Association, Pedagogical Society and Sociology Society, died on 1 June 1972 at the age of 72 due to a lung disease. His grave is in Ankara Karşıyaka Cemetery.
The main source of Enver Behnan Şapolyo's novels is history and folk culture. The main purpose of Şapolyo's works, which he constructs with a didactic attitude, is to create national consciousness, which deals with the events that contain heroic elements from the pre-Islamic Turkish history to the Republican period, as well as the negativities experienced by the society. For this reason, the author wrote his works in a plain and understandable Turkish. It is possible to evaluate Şapolyo's works in the category of popular novels, since he considers social benefit rather than literature. Expressing the thoughts that he frequently repeats in newspaper articles in his sentences that sometimes turn into animosity, the author aimed to visualize the periods he described in a realistic manner in the eyes of his readers. Şapolyo, who also included the political and social structure of the period he dealt with with his heroes in his works, processed the events he narrated with a dominant perspective on a realistic basis. For Şapolyo, who sees the themes such as justice, equality and freedom as the dominant issues of the state order he conveys and builds his heroes within the framework of these concepts, the main issue is the preservation of the state order. For this reason, all of the heroes appearing in his works are people who put national interests above everything else and prioritize the existence of the state. These people are pioneering personalities who have been adopted and appreciated by the public with their exalted qualities. With ideal statesmen embodied around historical identities such as Oğuz Han, Kılıç Arslan, and Gazi Osman Paşa, the author also aims to keep the self-confidence of the society alive.
"The protagonists in their literary works stand with their people throughout the plot. Their people, on the other hand, are loyal to them with strong support and faith, and they are in conflict with corrupt governments, opportunistic and hypocritical people who want to exploit the people and are at odds with the core values of the people. Revolution Ötkunçleri, Alparslan Anadolu Fatihi and Ergenekon ve Ergenekon. This situation is clearly seen in his works titled Turkish Heroic Stories. In the novels Aşkı and Ayşim by the poet Nedim, the outbreak of the Patrona Halil Rebellion depicts in this context that the reign of Ahmet III emerged due to the alienation of the palace from the Turkish people by deviating from the Turkish customs and traditions" (Yuca 2014: 245) ).
Source
Ata, Bahri (2001). “Turkey Travel of American Educator John Dewey in the Light of 1924 Turkish Press”. G.U. Journal of Gazi Education Faculty. 21(3): 193-207.
Aytuzlar, Nilgul (2008). The Lives and Publications of those who contributed to Turkish Folklore in Turkey between 1913-1933. Master Thesis. Ankara: Gazi University.
Başgöz. Ilhan (1946). “Enver Behnan Şapolyo: The History of Karagöz”. Journal of the Faculty of Language, History and Geography. 4 (5).
Demir, Omer (2007). Advice (Analytical Index-Review-Text). Master Thesis. Konya: Selcuk University.
Dogan, Abide (1991). A Study on Journals Published Between 1923-1938 -Anatolia, Staff, Ülkü, Intellectual Movements, Aydabir. Doctoral Thesis. Ankara: Gazi University.
Eraydın Argunşah, Hülya (1990). Historical Novel in Turkish Literature (Related to Turkish History). Doctoral Thesis. Istanbul: Marmara University.
Ercilasun, Bilge (2013). On Turkish Novel and Story. Istanbul: Dergah Publications.
Hincher, Bora (1967). “Our Folklorists: Enver Behnan Shapolyo”. Journal of Turkish Folklore Studies. 215:4132.
Kartal, Oznur (2017). “Anwar Behnan Shapolyo”. History Education in Turkey. Ankara: Pegem Academy.
Kaya, Muharrem (2006). “An Evaluation of the Works Benefiting from the Ergenekon Epic”. MSGSU Journal of Science and Literature. 5:105-124.
Tonga, Necati (2016). Ankara as a Literary Environment in the Republican Era (1923-1980). Doctoral Thesis. Ankara: Gazi University.
Appropriate, Ismail (2014). Historical Novels of the Republican Period 1923-1946: New Discourses of "Old" Heroes. Master Thesis. Ankara: ID Bilkent University.
Yuca, Irshad Sami (2013). “Impressions of Enver Behnan Şapolyo in the National Struggle and His Carton Arms", Anemon Mus Alparslan University Journal of Social Sciences. I. 2.
Yuca, Irshad Sami (2014). Enver Behnan Şapolyo: His Historiography, Journalism and Literary Personality. Doctoral Thesis. Ankara: Gazi University.
Yuca, Irshad Sami (2015). "Republican Historian Enver Behnan Şapolyo's Thoughts on History and Historiography". Journal of Academic Social Studies. 10:158-175.
Author: DR. KORAY USTUN
WORKS
NOVEL: Ayşim: Tarihi Sinema Romanı (1934), Lale Devrinde Şair Nedim’in Aşkı (1952), Fatih İstanbul Kapılarında (1953).
STORY: Alas: Küçük Tarihi Hikâyeler (1934), Millî Mücadele Hatıraları: İnkılap Ötkünçleri (1934), Attila (1934).
CHILDREN’S BOOK: Atatürk (1943), Egemenlik Ulusundur (1944), Yayla Gülü (1944), 19 Mayıs 1919 (1944), Türk Halk Masallarından Peri ve Dev Masalları (1946), Gülbahar Sultan (1950), Sünnet Düğünü (1951), Şehzade Kara Bulut (1952), Gelincik Abla (1953), Nar Tanesi (1953), Ergenekon (1954), Küçük Mustafa Kemal: Atatürk’ün Çocukluk Hayatı (1954), Türk Akmaları (1954), Estergon Kalesi (1955), Ali Baba ve Kırk Haramiler (1955), Türk Efsaneleri (1955), Atatürk’ün Ölümü 10 Kasım 1938 (1957), Türk Masalları (1958), Oğuz Han (1959), Atamız (1963), Melik Şah (1964), Tuğrul (1964), Selçuk Han (1964), Kılıçaslan (1965), Dede Korkut Masalları (1966), Kılıçaslan Geliyor (1971).
OTHER Filozof Gökalp (1933), Tarih Bakaloryası: Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet Tarihi (1934), Cumhuriyet’in Onuncu Yıl Dönümü Ankara’da Nasıl Kutlandı 1923-1933 (1934), Türk Soyadı Türk Adı (1935), Müzeler Tarihi (1936), Ziya Gökalp: İttihadı Terakki ve Meşrutiyet Tarihi (1943), İnönü (1943), İttihad ve Terakki ve Meşrutiyet Tarihi (1943), Yıldırım ve Prenses Olivera (1944), Kemal Atatürk ve Millî Mücadele Tarihi (1944), Mustafa Reşit Paşa ve Tanzimat Devri Tarihi (1945), Osmanlı-İnkılap ve Avrupa Tarihi Özü (1946), Karagöz’ün Tarihi (1946), Karagöz Tekniği (1947), Türk İnkılabı Tarihi Notları (1949), Hazreti Ali (1950), Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi: 1918-1950 (1950), Atatürk’ün Hayatı (1954), Anadolu Fatihi Alpaslan (1954), Dünya Efsaneleri (mitoloji, 1954), Kuvayı Milliye Tarihi: Gerilla (1957), Gazi Osman Paşa ve Plevne Müdafaası (1959), Ahlak Tarihi (1960), Türk Büyükleri (1960), İlkçağ Tarihi (1961), Osmanlı Sultanları Tarihi (1961), Türk Menkıbeleri (1964), Mezhepler Tarihi (1964), Kurtuluş Edebiyatı Tarihi (1965), İstiklal Savaşı Edebiyat Tarihi: Nesirler ve Şiirler (Millî Mücadelenin Edebi Vesikaları, 1967), Kırşehir Büyükleri (1967), Mustafa Kemal Paşa ve Millî Mücadelenin İç Alemi (1968), Peygamberler Tarihi (1968), Mustafa Kemal ve Birinci Büyük Millet Meclisi Tarihçesi (1969), Atatürk ve Seymen Alayı (1971), Türk Gazeteciliği Tarihi: Her Yönü ile Basın (1971), Türkiye Turizm Rehberi ve Anıtlar Tarihi (1971), Mezhepler ve Tarikatlar Tarihi (2004).
[1] Gülbahar Sultan Story:
The Egyptian sultan marries a woman in distant lands. When he returns to his country, he leaves a belt for his son and says that he will find me with this belt when he is 15 years old. The son, who turns 15, sets out.
On the way, he meets an Arab and helps him. He tells everything to the Arab boy, and they set off together. When they come to the palace, the Arab boy hits the boy and knocks him out. He takes the belt and replaces it. He also makes the child a shepherd and says to the sultan "I am your son". The Arab boy wants to marry, but he wants to marry Gül Bahar Sultan, whom no one can get.
He says let's send the shepherd to become the Arab sultan. The shepherd leaves. It helps a lot of animals on their way. First the ant, the stork, then the fish… Gülbahar goes before the sultan and says that she wants to take him away. The sultan has conditions. The first says you will mix five sacks of wheat, millet and barley, then you will separate them, the second says you will heal my gazelle's leg, and the third says I will throw my diamond ring into the sea and you will find it.
It separates the first request thanks to the ants. He does the latter with the help of the stork. The third one, the diamond ring, takes the fish out and gives it to the shepherd. Gulbahar takes the sultan. The shepherd tells everything to the sultan. Together they go to the king of Egypt. Gülbahar Sultan tells what happened and says that the shepherd is her son.
The Arab boy is expelled from the palace. Gulbahar Sultan got married with the real son of the Egyptian sultan.
[2] See Also: Enver Behnan Şapolyo’nun İstiklal Yolu
Excerpt
" Enver Behnan Şapolyo (1900-1972), who returned to Anatolia with the start of the National Struggle while he was in Germany for his high school education in 1917 and served as the Commander of the Cartridge Arms, is a Turkish Historian, educator and journalist.
Enver Behnan Şapolyo decides to flee to Anatolia with 15 of his friends and manages to contact the Mim Mim Group, the secret organization of the National Struggle. Şapolyo, who was assigned to a secret mission (in charge of taking the weapons smuggled from the warehouses in Istanbul to İnebolu), arrives in İnebolu in 1920 on an Italian Ferry carrying the materials belonging to Hilali Ahmer.
Şapolyo, who finds İnebolu fascinating, defines it as a part of the Bosphorus. When the ferry anchors off the coast of İnebolu, the National Struggle officers come in boats and check the "credentials" of all passengers. He does not have a credentials, but he tells the officer that "Noah's Greetings" and reveals that he is a member of the Mim Mim group and gets permission to enter the district. “Noah” is the secret name of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in the Mim Mim Group… Şapolyo, showing the officer's certificate, delivers the weapons he brought from Istanbul to the officers.
Şapolyo, who goes to the Sedbaşı (by the side) by boat, gets away from the people watching the passengers by drinking hookah in the cafe here, and is first fed by the captain at Şükran Restaurant and then placed in the Şeref Hotel. The hotel overlooks two hills called Islam Doruk and Gavur Doruk, today's Geriş Tepesi and İslam Tepesi."