Sedir: fromAR ṣadr صدر 1. göğüs, 2. bir şeyin ön veya ileri kısmı, baş köşe, misafir oturtulan yer as in ṣudūr: Pectora [göğüs]. ṣudūr bulmak: zuhur etmek, doğmak. 1. çıkma, öne çıkma, bir kaynaktan kaynama, türeme, yayılma, (ferman) yayımlanma, 2. göğüsler fromAR ṣadara صَدَرَ öne çıktı, ileri geldi, kaynaklandı.
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ṣadr [ Meninski, Thesaurus (1680) ]
sedīr [ Kamus-ı Türki (1900) ]
Sedye: stretcher,gurney,sedan[1] EN fromIT sedia oturak, her çeşit sandalye IT sedere oturmak LAT sedēre, sess- a.a. IE *sed
IE root Sanskrit sīdati, EN sit, GER sitzen, RUS sidet' (oturmak), LAT sēdare (teskin etmek), EN set, GER setzen (oturtmak), oldGR ʰédra (oturma yeri). Ni (aşağı) edatıyla Sanskritçe nisīdati, ARM nisd-, PER nişastan (oturmak), LAT nīdus, EN nest (kuluçka yeri, yuva).
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"tahtırevan fromFA taχt-i ravān تخت روان yürüyen taht, teskere (iki veya dört kişi tarafından taşınan üstü kapalı taşıma koltuğu)" [ Ahmet Vefik Paşa, Lugat-ı Osmani (1876) ]
(pictured) A Turkish tahtırevan, 1893. Somye: fromFR sommier yatak taşıyıcısı, somye [2]OLat sagmarius yük hayvanı, beygir < EYun ságma σάγμα yük hayvanlarına mahsus semer
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[ c (1931) : Karyolaya atladı mı somye gıcırdar ]
Somye: FR. sommelier [3] (n.) FR
Semer: yük hayvanı palanı ~ frmGR sagmári σαγμάρι yük hayvanlarına mahsus semer oldGR ságma σάγμα +ari oldGR sáttō, sag- σάττω, σαγ- yüklemek +ma; to load a pack animal.
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[ anon., Kitabü'l-İdrak Haşiyesi, 1402]
[1] Stretch "canvas frame for carrying the sick or wounded," from 1845.
gurney (n.) type of hospital cart, by 1921, of unknown origin. It also is a surname, and perhaps this use traces to the Gurney Ball Bearing Co. of Jamestown, N.Y., which was in active operation at the time but seems to have specialized in bearings for automobiles. Earliest use in hospital literature is in reference to carts for food and laundry.
sedan (n.). 1630s, "covered chair on poles," possibly from a southern Italian dialect derivative of Italian sede "chair" (compare Italian seggietta, 1590s; the thing itself was said to have been introduced from Naples), from Latin sedes, related to sedere "to sit," from PIE root *sed- "to sit."
Since Johnson's conjecture, often derived from the town of Sedan in France, where it was said to have been made or first used, but historical evidence for this is lacking. Introduced in England by Sir Sanders Duncombe in 1634 and first called a covered chair. "In Paris the sedan-chair man was usually an Auvergnat, in London an Irishman" ["Encyclopaedia Britannica," 1929].
The litter is a class of wheelless vehicles, a type of human-powered transport, for the transport of persons. Examples of litter vehicles include palki or पालकी (India), ಪಲ್ಲಕ್ಕಿ(Kannada), পালকি (Bengal), lectica (ancient Rome), kiệu (Vietnam, 轎), sedan chair (Britain), litera (Spain), palanquin (France, India), jiao (China, 轎), liteira (Portugal), wo (วอ, Chinese style known as kiao เกี้ยว) (Thailand), gama (Korea, 가마), koshi, ren, Norimono, and kago, (Japan, 駕籠), tahtırevan (Turkey) and sankayan (Philippines). Smaller litters may take the form of open chairs or beds carried by two or more carriers, some being enclosed for protection from the elements. Larger litters, for example those of the Chinese emperors, may resemble small rooms upon a platform borne upon the shoulders of a dozen or more people. To most efficiently carry a litter, porters either place the carrying poles directly upon their shoulders or use a yoke to transfer the load from the carrying poles to the shoulders.
Meaning "closed automobile seating four or more" first recorded 1912, American English.
[2] The word sommelier has come to us byway of an interesting etymological journey. A somier (Old French for 'pack animal'), was watched over by a sommerier. A sommerier's responsibility included the animals and their cargo. Sommerier mutated into soumelier, and the meaning slightly shifted-- a soumelier (a Middle French word) was responsible for transporting supplies. The spelling and meaning slightly shifted again-- a sommelier was someone in charge of a specific type of cargo. Now, this term refers exclusively to beverages, and sometimes cigars (Parr & Mackay 2010:4). During the 1300s in England, the royal butler would source wines for the king. mid-13c. (as a surname late 12c.), from Anglo-French buteillier, Old French boteillier, "cup-bearer, butler, officer in charge of wine," from boteille "wine vessel, bottle". The word reflects the position's original function as "chief servant in charge of wine." It gradually evolved to "head, servant of a household." In Old French, the fem. boteilliere was used of the Virgin Mary as the dispenser of the cup of Mercy.
[3] wine waiter, 1889, from French sommelier "a butler," originally an officer who had charge of provisions (13c.), from somme "pack" (12c.), from Vulgar Latin *salma, corruption of sagma "a pack-saddle," later the pack on the saddle (Isidore of Seville). Also borrowed in 16c.
The modern word is French, deriving from Middle French where it referred to a court official charged with transportation of supplies. This use of the term dates to a period when pack animals would be used to transport supplies. The Middle French probably finds its origin in Old Provençal where a saumalier was a pack animal driver. Sauma referred to a pack animal or the load of a pack animal. In Late Latin, sagma referred to a packsaddle.