Mavi Boncuk |Nokta: period EN[1]
fromAR nuḳṭa ͭ نقطة [#nḳṭ mr.] nokta, özellikle Arap yazısında kullanılan noktalama işaretleri from Aramaic nūḳdtā נוקדתא nokta, özellikle İbrani yazısında kullanılan noktalama işaretleri Hebrew/Aramaic נקד noktalama, sivri bir uçla işaretleme, gagalama
Oldest source: [ Codex Cumanicus [*](1300) ]
Virgül: virgule FR comma EN[2]
fromFR virgule bir noktalama işareti fromL. virgula [dim.] ince dal, sürgün, çubuk L. virga değnek, baston, dal +ul+
Oldest source: [ TDK, Türkçe Sözlük, 1. Baskı (1945) ]
[1] period (n.)
early 15c., "course or extent of time," from Middle French periode (14c.) and directly from Medieval Latin periodus "recurring portion, cycle," from Latin periodus "a complete sentence," also "cycle of the Greek games," from Greek periodos "cycle, circuit, period of time," literally "a going around," from peri "around" (see peri-) + hodos "a going, traveling, journey; a way, path, road," a word of uncertain origin (see Exodus).
Sense of "repeated cycle of events" led to that of "interval of time." Meaning "dot marking end of a sentence" first recorded c. 1600, from similar use in Medieval Latin (in late 16c. English it meant "full pause at the end of a sentence"). Sense of "menstruation" dates from 1822. Educational sense of "portion of time set apart for a lesson" is from 1876. Sporting sense attested from 1898. As an adjective from 1905; period piece attested from 1911.
[2] Borrowed from Middle French virgule, from Latin virgula (“twig; scratch comma”), from virga (“rod, branch”) + -ulus (“forming diminutives”).
comma (n.)
punctuation mark, 1520s as a Latin word, nativized by 1590s, from Latin comma "short phrase or clause of a sentence or line of poetry," from Greek komma "clause in a sentence," also ""stamp, coinage," literally "piece which is cut off," from koptein "to strike, smite, cut off; disable, tire out," which is perhaps from PIE root *kop- "to beat, strike, smite" (see hatchet (n.)), or perhaps Pre-Greek.
Like colon and period it was originally a Greek rhetorical term for a part of a sentence, and like them it has been transferred to the punctuation mark that identifies it. In reading aloud the punctuation mark is used to admit small interruptions in continuity of speech for the sake of clarity, but its purpose is to indicate grammatical structure.
From Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”)
The earliest parts of the Codex are believed to have originated in the 12th or 13th century. Substantial additions were likely made over time. The copy preserved in Venice is dated 11 July 1330 on fol. 1r (see Drimba, p. 35 and Schmieder in Schmieder/Schreiner, p. XIII). The Codex consists of a number of independent works combined into one.
Historians generally divide it into two distinct and independent parts. The first part, 1r-55v, is a practical handbook of the Kipchak tongue, containing a glossary of words in vulgar Italo-Latin and translations into Persian and Kipchak. This section has been styled the "Italian Part" or the "Interpreter's Book" of the Codex.[according to whom?] Whether the Persian parts came through Kipchak intermediaries or whether Persian was a lingua franca for Mediterranean trade well known in Western Europe is a matter hotly debated by scholars.
The second folio, 56r-82v, is a collection of various religious texts including a translation of the Lord's Prayer and riddles in Kipchak, translated into Latin and Eastern Middle High German. This part of the Codex is referred to as the "German" or "Missionary's Book" and is believed to have been compiled by German Franciscans.
The Codex is generally regarded as accurate, but it differs slightly from other sources on Kipchak language.
Riddles: The "Cuman Riddles" (CC, 119-120; 143-148) are a crucial source for the study of early Turkic folklore. Andreas Tietze referred to them as "the earliest variants of riddle types that constitute a common heritage of the Turkic-speaking nations." Some of these riddles reached our days practically unchanged in Kazakh language. See examples below.
Among the riddles in the Codex are the following excerpts:[full citation needed]
Aq küymengin avuzı yoq. Ol yumurtqa.
In Kazakh: Aq küymeniñ awızı joq. Ol jumırtqa / Ak küymeniń awızı jok. Ol jumırtka
"The white yurt has no mouth (opening). That is the egg."
Kökçä ulahım kögende semirir. Ol huvun.
In Kazakh: Kökşe lağım kögende semirer. Ol qawın / Kökce lagım kögende semirer. Ol kawın
"my bluish kid at the tethering rope grows fat, The melon."
Oturğanım oba yer basqanım baqır canaq. Ol zengi.
In Kazakh: Otırğanım oba jer basqanım baqır şanaq. Ol uzengi / Otırganım oba jer baskanım bakır canak. Ol uzengi
"Where I sit is a hilly place. Where I tread is a copper bowl. The stirrup."