Bursa Knife from "Bought, Borrowed & Stolen: Recipes and Knives from a Travelling Chef"
Conran Octopus, 2011 (paperback June 2013)
Allegra McEvedy MBE. Chef, writer & broadcaster Described by The Independent as “a caterer with a conscience”.
Allegra McEvedy has been cooking professionally for over 20 years, working her way through a clutch of London’s best restaurants as well as an eighteen month spell in the States. Over that time she developed the philosophy that she continues to live and work by: that there are more ways for a chef to make a difference than by winning Michelin stars, and good food should be available to everybody.
Bursa knife manufacturing was started by Balkan immigrants after the Russian War of 93 (93 harbi)
Mavi Boncuk |
Bıçak: knife EN[1] oldTR biç-/bıç- +gAk → biç- oldTR kınğırak (et bıçağı TR; meat knife EN). biçek/bıçak [ Divan-i Lugat-it Türk, 1070] Bel bıçağı, et bıçağı, kıyma bıçağı, kaymak bıçağı, pastırma bıçağı, börek bıçağı, bekçi bıçağı , kasap bıçağı
Oldest source: biçek/bıçak "aynı anlamda" [Divan-i Lugat-it Türk (1070)]
Hançer: dagger EN[2] fromAR ḥancar حنجر kısa savunma bıçağı Aramaic χangərā חנגרא a.a. (= Sogdian χangar a.a. ) dagger[1], knife [2] [ Dede Korkut Kitabı, c.1400] Basatuŋ χançeri varıdı; edügünü yardı from Arabic ḥancar حنجر kısa savunma bıçağı TR; short defensive knife EN; from Aramaic χangərā חנגרא Sogdian χangar) Oldest source: [Dede Korkut Kitabı (before c. 1400) : Basatuñ hançeri varıdı; edügünü yardı]
Kama: dagger EN[2] ARM kam գամ çivi. Nail EN
Oldest source: kamamak "perçinlemek" [TDK, Tarama Sözlüğü (before c. 1600)]
kama "büyük çivi, ağaç takoz" [ Meninski, Thesaurus (1680) ]
kama "bir nevi hançer" [Ahmet Vefik Paşa, Lugat-ı Osmani (1876)]
Falçata: fromIT falcietto [dim.] orak IT; LAT falx, falc- orak, tırpan
Oldest source: falçeta "bir tür bıçak" [ Kamus-ı Türki (1900) ]
Çakı: knife[1], pocket knife ENfromTR çak- +Ig → çak- Oldest source: çakı "açılıp kapatılabilen bıçak" [Ahmet Vefik Paşa, Lugat-ı Osmani (1876)]
Orak: Sickle EN [3] oldTR orğak oldTR or- biçmek +gAk
Oldest source: orğak "ot biçme aleti" [Divan-i Lugat-it Türk (1070)]
Ustura: bıçak ağzı; blade EN [4] fromFA usture اوستره sakal traşı için kullanılan keskin bıçak oldFA (Pehlevi/Parthian) avēstarak. Oldest source: ustura [ Filippo Argenti, Regola del Parlare Turco (1533) ] üstüre vulg. ustura [ Meninski, Thesaurus (1680)]
Kılıç: sword EN [5]oldTR kılıç oldTR *kı- +? → kır- Oldest source: kılıç "sama meaning" [Orkhun monuments (735)]
Pala: fromIT pala shovel (di remo, ventilatore, elica)
blade;(di ruota)
paddle
1. kürek, 2. kürek şeklinde enli kılıç LAT pala bahçe veya kayık küreği Oldest source: "küreğin yassı kısmı" [ Kahane & Tietze, The Lingua Franca in the Levant (1574) : sudan ateş çıkarur şiddet-i darbla palası ]
[1] Knife (n.): late Old English cnif, probably from Old Norse knifr, from Proto-Germanic *knibaz (cognates: Middle Low German knif, Middle Dutch cnijf, German kneif), of uncertain origin. To further confuse the etymology, there also are forms in -p-, such as Dutch knijp, German kneip. French canif "penknife" (mid-15c.) is borrowed from Middle English or Norse.
[1] [2] knife|dagger (weapon) A stabbing weapon, similar to a sword but with a short, double-edged blade. Probably from Old French dague (1229), related to Occitan, Italian, Spanish daga, German Degen, Middle Low German dagge (“knife's point”), Old Norse daggardr, Welsh dager, dagr, Breton dac, Albanian thikë (“a knife, dagger”), thek (“to stab, to pierce with a sharp object”).
In English attested from the 1380s. The ultimate origin of the word is unclear. Grimm suspects Celtic origin. Others have suggested derivation from an unattested Vulgar Latin *daca "Dacian [knife]", from the Latin adjective dācus. Chastelain (Dictionaire etymologique, 1750) thought that French dague was a derivation from German dagge, dagen, although not attested until a much later date).
The knightly dagger evolves from the 12th century. Guillaume le Breton (died 1226) uses daca in his Philippide. Other Middle Latin forms include daga, dagga, dagha, dagger, daggerius, daggerium, dagarium, dagarius, diga; the forms with -r- are late 14th century adoptions of the English word). OED points out that there is also an English verb dag (“to stab”) from which this could be a derivation, but the verb is attested only from about 1400.
Relation to Old Armenian դակու (daku, “adze, axe”) has also been suggested.
[2] Dagger (n.) : late 14c., apparently from Old French dague "dagger," from Old Provençal dague or Italian daga, which is of uncertain origin; perhaps Celtic, perhaps from Vulgar Latin *daca "Dacian knife," from the Roman province in modern Romania. The ending is possibly the faintly pejorative -ard suffix. Attested earlier (1279) as a surname (Dagard, presumably "one who carried a dagger"). Also compare dogwood. Middle Dutch dagge, Danish daggert, German Degen also are from French.
See also: poniard, rondel, stiletto
A MASONIC NOOSE AND PONIARD
Poniard (n.) 1580s, from Middle French poinard (early 16c.), from Old French poignal "dagger," literally "anything grasped with the fist," from poing "fist," from Latin pungus "fist," from PIE root *peuk- (see pugnacious). Probably altered in French by association with poindre "to stab." Compare Latin pugnus "fist," pugio "dagger." As a verb from c. 1600.
Rondel: A rondel dagger /ˈrɒndəl/ or roundel dagger was a type of stiff-bladed dagger in Europe in the late Middle Ages (from the 14th century onwards), used by a variety of people from merchants to knights. It was worn at the waist and might be used as a utility tool, or worn into battle or a jousting tournament as a side-arm.
Stiletto (n.) 1610s, "short dagger with a thick blade," from Italian stiletto, diminutive of stilo "dagger," from Latin stilus "pointed writing instrument" (see style (n.)). Stiletto heel first attested 1953.
[3] sickle (n.) Old English sicol, probably a West Germanic borrowing (Middle Dutch sickele, Dutch sikkel, Old High German sihhila, German Sichel) from Vulgar Latin *sicila, from Latin secula "sickle" (source also of Italian segolo "hatchet"), from PIE root *sek- "to cut" (see section (n.)). Applied to curved or crescent-shaped things from mid-15c. Sickle-cell anemia is first recorded 1922.
[4] blade (n.) Old English blæd "a leaf," also "a leaf-like part" (of a spade, oar, etc.), from Proto-Germanic *bladaz (source also of Old Frisian bled "leaf," German Blatt, Old Saxon, Danish, Dutch blad, Old Norse blað), from PIE *bhle-to-, suffixed form (past participle) of root *bhel- (3) "to thrive, bloom." Extended in Middle English to the broad, flattened bone of the shoulder (c. 1300) and the cutting part of knives and swords (early 14c.). The modern use in reference to grass may be a Middle English revival, by influence of Old French bled "corn, wheat" (11c.), which is perhaps from Germanic. The cognate in German, Blatt, is the general word for "leaf;" Laub is used collectively as "foliage." Old Norse blað was used of herbs and plants, lauf in reference to trees. This might have been the original distinction in Old English, too. Compare leaf (n.). Of men from 1590s; in later use often a reference to 18c. gallants and dashing rakes, but the original exact sense, and thus signification, is uncertain.
[5] sword (n.) Old English sweord, swyrd (West Saxon), sword (Northumbrian) "sword," from Proto-Germanic *swerdam (source also of Old Saxon, Old Frisian swerd, Old Norse sverð, Swedish svärd, Middle Dutch swaert, Dutch zwaard, Old High German swert, German Schwert "a sword"), related to Old High German sweran "to hurt," from *swertha-, literally "the cutting weapon," from PIE root *swer- (3) "to cut, pierce." Contrast with plowshare is from the Old Testament (Isaiah ii.4, Micah iv.3). Phrase put (originally do) to the sword "kill, slaughter" is recorded from mid-14c. An older Germanic word for it is in Old Saxon heoru, Gothic hairus "a sword."