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Word origin | Refik, Refika, Dost, Eş, Arkadaş

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“I did not bargain for the sake of the values I believe in. I wanted to make sure of the friends I took this together. I wanted them to tell me when they're not with me in this. What happened in the last Cental Party Directors meeting | MKYK, I put my signature  as the first,  I do not agree to the method and could not reconcile with it as part of the distinction of being a road fellow “refik”. These friends being a  “refik". including the President, and in consultation with my friends I trust with their political experience. As a result, for the AKP's unity, rather than a change of “refik” to the idea  of a change in leadership was the end result”. 

“İnanmadığım değerler uğruna pazarlık içinde olmadım. Yola çıktığım arkadaşların benimle olduğuna emin olmak istedim. Benimle olmadıklarında da bunu bana söylemelerini istedim. Son MKYK’de yaşananları, ki ilk imzayı kendim attım, takip edilen yöntemi refik olma özelliğiyle bağdaştıramadım. Refik ve hedef önemliyse hepimizin muhasebe yapmamız gerekiyordu. Refiklerimin de benim de. Cumhurbaşkanımız dahil, siyasi tecrübesine güvendiğim dostlarımla istişareler neticesinde, AKP’nin birliği, devamı için refikin değişmesindense, genel başkan değişmesi fikri bende hasıl oldu.” 

Turkish PM | Başbakan Ahmet Davutoğlu

Mavi Boncuk |

Refik: [ Seyf-i Sarayî, Gülistan tercümesi, 1391] from AR rafīḳ رفيق  [#rfḳ faˁīl sf.] yoldaş, eşlik eden
old Persian kat

Refika: from AR rafīḳ رفيق  [#rfḳ faˁīl sf.]  old Persian kat eden, yoldaş, arkadaş from AR rafaka رفق eşlik etti

Dost: friend[1], comrade[2], companion, fellow [3], partner [4]EN [ Kutadgu Bilig, 1069] öz asġı tiler dostḳa birme köŋül [kendi çıkarını kollayan dosta gönül verme]
[İsk 1389] el irince dostāne söylegil
from Persian dost دوست arkadaş, yar from old Persian dauştā/dauştar- a.a. ≈? Ave zuş- sevmek, hoşlanmak
Benzer sözcükler: dostane, dostluk, zendostrefik

Eş: oldTR: [ Uygurca İyi ve Kötü Prens Öyküsü, 1000] oğlum téginke éş boluŋlar [oğlum prense arkadaş olsunlar]
TTü: [ Meninski, Thesaurus, 1680]
eş اش: Socius, par [yoldaş, arkadaş, bir çiftin her biri] (...) eş itmek, eşlendürmek: tezvīc [evlendirmek], çiftlemek.
tartarTR: [ Ahmed Vefik Paşa, Lugat-ı Osmani, 1876] eşleşmek (...) eşsiz
oldTR éş yoldaş, arkadaş

Arkadaş: tartarTR: arkadaş "yoldaş, dost, ayakdaş, hempa" [ Bianchi, Dictionnaire Turc-Français, 1851] tartarTR arka +tAş

[1] friend (n.) Old English freond "one attached to another by feelings of personal regard and preference," from Proto-Germanic *frijand- "lover, friend" (cognates: Old Norse frændi, Old Danish frynt, Old Frisian friund, Dutch vriend, Middle High German friunt, German Freund, Gothic frijonds "friend"), from PIE *priy-ont-, "loving," present participle form of root *pri- "to love"

[2] comrade (n.) 1590s, "one who shares the same room," from Middle French camarade (16c.), from Spanish camarada "chamber mate," originally "chamberful," from Latin camera (see camera). In Spanish, a collective noun referring to one's company. In 17c., sometimes jocularly misspelled comrogue. 

Related: Comradely; comradeship.

[3] fellow (n.)  "companion, comrade," c. 1200, from Old English feolaga "partner, one who shares with another," from Old Norse felagi, from fe "money" (see fee) + lag, from a verbal base denoting "lay" (see lay (v.)). The root sense is of fellow is "one who puts down money with another in a joint venture." 

Meaning "one of the same kind" is from early 13c.; that of "one of a pair" is from c. 1300. Used familiarly since mid-15c. for "any man, male person," but not etymologically masculine (it is used of women, for example, in Judges xi:37 in the King James version: "And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows"). Its use can be contemptuous or dignified in English and American English, and at different times in its history, depending on who used it to whom, it has carried a tinge of condescension or insult. University senses (mid-15c., corresponding to Latin socius) evolved from notion of "one of the corporation who constitute a college" and who are paid from its revenues. Fellow well-met "boon companion" is from 1580s, hence hail-fellow-well-met as a figurative phrase for "on intimate terms." 

In compounds, with a sense of "co-, joint-," from 16c., and by 19c. also denoting "association with another." Hence fellow-traveler, 1610s in a literal sense but in 20c. with a specific extended sense of "one who sympathizes with the Communist movement but is not a party member" (1936, translating Russianpoputchik). 

Fellow-countrymen formerly was one of the phrases the British held up to mock the Americans for their ignorance, as it is redundant to say both, until they discovered it dates from the 1580s and was used by Byron and others.

fellowship (n.)  c. 1200, feolahschipe "companionship," from fellow + -ship. Sense of "a body of companions" is from late 13c. Meaning "spirit of comradeship, friendliness" is from late 14c. As a state of privilege in English colleges, from 1530s. In Middle English it was at times a euphemism for "sexual intercourse" (carnal fellowship).

[4] partner (n.) c. 1300, altered from parcener (late 13c.), from Old French parçonier "partner, associate; joint owner, joint heir," from parçon "partition, division. portion, share, lot," from Latin partitionem (nominative partitio) "a sharing, partition, division, distribution" (see partition (n.)). Form in English influenced by part (n.). The word also may represent Old French part tenour "part holder."


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