şarampol –lü: from HUN sorompó
lower par on the side of roads
"parmaklık TR. Picket EN" [ Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname, 1680]
χandak kenārınca cümle kalın direkler ile şarampo taˁbir etdikleri parmaklık çevürmişlerdür
[ Ahmet Vefik Paşa, Lugat-ı Osmani, 1876]
Şarampoy شرانپوى: Palanga ve kale varoşunun kazık ağaç kakılarak yapılan barūsu
From HUN sorompó kazıklardan oluşan çit, parmaklık (old high German: scranc-paum) çit kazığı TR; a protective hold formed by wood piles (baum) EN.
Şose: [1] n. From FR chaussée taş döşeli yol, sertleştirilmiş yüzeyli karayolu oldLatin via calceata taş döşeli yol TR; stone paved road EN; calx, calc- taşTR; stone EN, kalker TR; lime, limestone EN. Macadamized road[2], macadam, unclassified road.
“Atatürk Bulvarı dediğimiz asfalt cadde, o zamanlar... bir şoseden ibaret.” Y. K. Karaosmanoğlu
“Portakal ve muz bahçeleri arası dolambaçlı hoş bir şoseyi takip etmiştik.” R. H. Karay
[ Basiretçi Ali Bey, İstanbul Mektupları, 1873]
Sirkeci Meydanının bir parça şosesi sulanmakta olduğu halden Babıali'ye olan şose ile Beyazıt
Redöşose: TR; below grade living unit EN.
[1] Chaussee is an historic term used in German-speaking countries for early, rural highways, designed by road engineers, as opposed to the hitherto, traditional, unpaved country roads. The term is no longer used in modern road construction, but survives in road names and is used by historians.
The German word Chaussee was borrowed from the French chaussée by the German construction industry in the 18th century. The French word, in turn, went back to the Gallo-Romanic via calciata and meant a road surfaced with firmly compacted crushed rock. Contemporary German translations of the word were Straßendamm ("road embankment") and Hochweg ("high way") and even the roughly similar English word, highway. Around 1790, Adelung complained that "Several new authors have proposed German names but these expressions "do not capture the concept either, and may be used for every other type of artificial way [Kunststraße]." The word Kunststraße ("artificial road") then established itself but, in the main, the French word entered the German language as a loanword.
Today many road names end in -chaussee. Hamburg has retained the term in its street names (Elbchaussee, Eimsbüttler Chaussee etc.), Berlin likewise (Potsdamer Chaussee, Johannisthaler Chaussee), whilst in Bremen in 1914, the chaussees were renamed, following a decision by its citizens, as Heerstraßen (literally "military roads"). In Aachen and Münster/W. the term Steinweg ("stone way") is used instead. This also occurs in Flemish as steenweg.
[2] Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam around 1820. The method simplified what had been considered state of the art at that point. Single-sized aggregate layers of small stones, with a coating of binder as a cementing agent, are mixed in an open-structured roadway.